喷头构型对超细干粉灭火有效性影响的试验研究  

Experimental study on the influence of nozzle structure on the fire suppression effectiveness of superfine powder

作　　者：钟恺锋 黄鑫 浮震强 完艳格 Zhong Kaifeng;Huang Xin;Fu Zhenqiang;Wan Yange(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Avia-tion University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Institute of Science and Technology Innovation,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;College of Science,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学科技创新研究院,天津300300 [3]中国民航大学理学院,天津300300

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2023年第1期84-88,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中国民航大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110059027)。

摘　　要：针对磷酸铵盐超细干粉灭火剂,参照行业标准搭建了3 m×3 m×4 m的灭火试验平台,使用装有正庚烷的油池和小罐作为火源,开展了不同喷头构型下全淹没灭火试验,测量了灭火时间以及灭火过程中火焰温度和烟气浓度变化,分析比较了超细干粉喷头结构对灭火有效性的影响。试验结果表明:单喷口喷头无法扑灭空间上部的火焰,多喷口喷头不利于扑灭位于粉体射流间隙的火焰,直立型水喷淋喷头喷出的粉体分布最均匀,全淹没灭火效果最好。火焰温度在粉体施加后均出现迅速下降过程,但对于多喷口喷头和灭火剂用量不足的试验工况,油池火温度会重新上升并维持在略低于正常燃烧状态的温度。空间中的O2和CO体积分数主要取决于油池火焰的熄灭时间。In order to study the fire suppression effectiveness of the ammonium phosphate superfine powder with different kinds of nozzles, a 3 m×3 m×4 m experimental platform was set up according to the standard. One oil pool and three small tanks filled with n-heptane were used as the fire sources, and the total flooding fire extinguishing experiment was carried out under different nozzle configurations. The fire extinguishing time,flame temperature and smoke component concentration changes during the fire extinguishing process were measured, and the influence of the ultra-fine dry powder nozzle structure on the fire extinguishing effectiveness was analyzed and compared. The experimental results show that the single-orifice nozzles fail to extinguish the flame in the upper part of the space, and the multiorifices nozzles are difficult to extinguish the flame between the powder jet. The sprinkler nozzle has the best total flooding fire extinguishing effectiveness due to the best uniformly distribution of the powder. The flame temperatures drop rapidly after spraying powder in all experiments. However, the pool fire temperatures rise again and remain at a temperature slightly below the normal combustion state for multi-orifices nozzles and insufficient powder extinguishing agent conditions. The concentrations of O2and CO in space depends mainly on the fire extinguishing time of the pool fire.

关 键 词：超细干粉 喷头构型 灭火有效性 油池火 全淹没 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU892[建筑科学]