国家文化公园的旅游者文化认同生成机制研究——以黄河国家文化公园标志性自然景观为例  

Research on the Formation Mechanism of Tourist Cultural Identity in National Cultural Park——Taking the Iconic Natural Landscapes of the Yellow River National Cultural Park as an Example

作　　者：戴靖怡 黄潇婷[1] 孙晋坤 安红敏 郭秋琪 DAI Jingyi;HUANG Xiaoting;SUN Jinkun;AN Hongmin;GUO Qiuqi(School of Management,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学管理学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第1期31-41,共11页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于旅游者时空行为规律的旅游活动空间生产与建构研究”(41871138);山东省社会科学规划研究项目文化旅游专项“基于知识图谱技术的山东文化旅游智能解说词库数字化路径与机制研究”(21CLYJ01)共同资助。

摘　　要：通过文化旅游活动培育文化认同是国家文化公园建设的重要内容,但是旅游者作为国家文化公园文旅融合体验的主体如何进行文化感知、产生文化认同,缺乏深入的理论和实证研究阐释。文章选取黄河国家文化公园标志性自然景观景区——壶口瀑布(宜川段)和黄河口景区为案例地,以随行纪实方式获取游客访谈数据,借助扎根理论范式发掘旅游者对自然景观的文化认同生成过程,并尝试构建生成机制理论模型。研究发现,旅游者对自然景观的文化认同生成的基础条件在于景观客体本身的生态特质和被建构的文化表征,关键环节在于旅游者主体具身的联觉感知、集体记忆激活和群体间交互,最终文化认同生成的表现为认知内容的扩充、情感向度的丰富以及行为选择的多元。同时,心理距离作为调节因素影响着旅游者个体文化认同差异化表现。China’s National Cultural Park system emphasizes the significance of national representative and symbolic cultural heritage in constructing a national image and fostering collective cultural confidence. Integrating culture and tourism is instrumental in cultivating cultural identity in the development of national cultural parks. However, there is still a lack of in-depth theoretical and empirical research on how tourists, as the experiencing subjects, reinforce their cultural perceptions and construct their cultural identity. This study selects Hukou Waterfall(Yichuan section) and the Yellow River Estuary Ecotourism Area, iconic natural landscapes in the Yellow River National Cultural Park as case sites. We conducted field observations and collected interview data from tourists in situ, adopted the grounded theory to analyze the data, and explored the formation process of tourists’ cultural identity. First, this study attempts to develop a conceptual model that theorizes the formation mechanism of tourist cultural identity based on natural landscapes. The model informs key preconditions of the formation of the cultural identity, which are unique natural features of the landscape and the constructed cultural representations the landscape has been tied to. Key mechanisms or processes that contribute to the formation of the cultural identity include the embodied experience of synaesthesia, activation of the collective memory, and inter-group interactions of the tourists.Ultimately, tourists’ cultural identity is manifested through the expansion of their cognitive knowledge,the enrichment of their emotions, and the diversification of their choices and behaviors. Further,psychological distance is found to play a moderating role that shapes the process of cultural identity formation. Second, the study also finds that“cognition”is not a necessary mediator for tourists to construct cultural identity.Since little cognitive information such as architecture, texts, and pictures are present in natural tourism conte

关 键 词：黄河国家文化公园 自然景观 文化认同 扎根理论 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]