冷战后俄蒙关系的演进轨迹与基本特征  

The Evolution Trajectory and Basic Characteristics of Russia-Mongolia Relations after the Cold War

作　　者：祁治业 范丽君 Qi Zhiye;Fan Lijun

机构地区：[1]兰州大学马克思主义学院 [2]内蒙古阿拉善盟委党校 [3]内蒙古自治区社会科学院“一带一路”研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2023年第1期99-119,共21页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“周边外交视域下蒙古国转型发展30年研究”(项目批准号:22XGJ001)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苏联解体30年来,俄罗斯和蒙古国的关系在经历了叶利钦时代的“俄冷蒙热”之后,在普京时代实现了从“传统睦邻伙伴”到“战略伙伴”再到“全面战略伙伴”的三次升级,俄罗斯恢复了昔日对蒙古国的影响力。俄罗斯和蒙古国关系的基本特点为:在经济上,俄罗斯掌控蒙古国经济命脉,包括垄断其能源供应,控制其铁路通道,投资其战略矿产资源等;在政治上,俄罗斯将蒙古国重新纳入自身势力范围;在安全上,俄罗斯防止蒙古国完全倒向北约。蒙古国对俄罗斯西伯利亚和远东地区具有重要的战略价值,此外,2022年2月俄乌军事冲突以来,俄罗斯受西方制裁,欧洲国家想与俄能源“脱钩”,失去欧洲市场的俄罗斯将转向东方,此时蒙古国的重要性大幅提升。对蒙古国来说,经过多年的徘徊后再次靠向俄罗斯,也有平衡中国日益崛起带来压力的战略考量。Over the past 30 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the relationship between Russia and Mongolia has experienced several changes. In Putin era, it achieved three upgrades from "traditional good-neighborly partners" to "strategic partners" and then to "comprehensive strategic partners". Russia has restored its former influence on Mongolia. The basic characteristics of relations between Russia and Mongolia are: Economically, Russia controls the economic lifeline of Mongolia, including monopolizing its energy supply, controlling its railway routes, investing in its strategic mineral resources, etc.;politically, Russia brought Mongolia back into its sphere of influence;in terms of security, Russia prevents Mongolia from falling completely into NATO. Mongolia has important strategic value for Russia’s Siberia and Far East region. In addition, since the Russia-Ukraine conflict in February 2022, Russia has been sanctioned by the West. European countries want to "decouple" from Russian energy, and Russia, which has lost the European market, will turn to the East. Against this backdrop, the importance of Mongolia has increased significantly. For Mongolia, moving closer to Russia again after years of wandering is also a strategic consideration to balance the pressures of China’s rise.

关 键 词：俄蒙关系 战略伙伴 经济控制 联合军演 平衡外交 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D875.123.311[政治法律—外交学]