轨道列车轴箱轴承状态监测方法  

Condition Monitoring Method for Railway Train Axle Box Bearings

作　　者：张国立 徐聪 段合鹏 邓爱建 孙群 ZHANG Guoli;XU Cong;DUAN Hepeng;DENG Aijian;SUN Qun(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266031,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司,山东青岛266031

出　　处：《轴承》2023年第2期46-53,共8页Bearing

摘　　要：基于快速谱峭度的轴承诊断方法在恒转速工况和信号高信噪比下具有较好的诊断效果,但在轨道列车处于变转速工况、强噪声干扰以及轮轨冲击环境下难以适用。提出一套基于阶次分析和相关谱峭度方法的诊断流程:首先同步采集振动信号和转速信号,通过阶次分析对信号进行平稳化处理;然后计算信号相关谱峭度得到最优解调频带及其对应的解调谱;最后从解调谱中识别轴承的故障频率。模拟试验台以及实车数据验证了该方法可以在变转速、强干扰噪声及轮轨冲击下准确提取轴承的故障特征频率,实现轴承故障诊断。The diagnosis method for bearings based on fast spectral kurtosis has a good diagnostic effect under constant speed condition and high signal-to-noise ratio, but it is difficult to apply when railway train is under variable speed condition, strong noise interference and wheel-rail impact environment. A diagnosis flow is proposed based on order analysis and correlation spectral kurtosis method. Firstly, the vibration signal and speed signal are collected synchronously, and the signal is stabilized through order analysis. Then, the correlation spectral kurtosis of signal is calculated to obtain the optimal demodulation frequency band and its corresponding demodulation spectrum. Finally, the fault frequency of bearings is identified from demodulation spectrum. The simulation test bench and real vehicle data verify that the method extracts the fault characteristic frequency of bearings accurately under variable speed, strong noise interference and wheel-rail impact, and the fault diagnosis of bearings is realized.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 铁路轴箱轴承 故障诊断 状态监测 谱包络 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U279.323[机械工程—车辆工程]