“统一的文学”观念与中国文学研究的现代化  

“Unity of Literature”and the Modern Study of Chinese Literature

作　　者：张健[1] Zhang Jian

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学中文系,中国香港

出　　处：《学术研究》2023年第1期139-150,178,共13页Academic Research

摘　　要：“五四”新文化运动以来,“统一的文学”作为文学研究的“近世精神”的基本观念,与文化领域对普遍的现代性的认同正相一致。在统一的文学观念基础上,中西文学的差异由国族地域之殊变而为历史时代之别,西方文论代表了现代的普遍的文学原理,中国文学批评史成为普遍的文学原理在中国发生与演变的历史。但钱锺书等学者已经认识到普遍的或世界的文学观念并不等于西方的文学观念,因而致力于中国文学与西方文学之间的“互相照明”、平等对话,力争建立真正的普遍的文学理论。在现代中国,亦有学者主张并致力于建立现代的民族的文学理论,随着后现代主义思潮的兴起,民族文学理论问题转换为中国文论话语问题。从学术史的角度看,现代学者所追求的普遍的文学观念有其历史的合理性,但普遍的文学观念本身也是历史性的、变化的,中国固有文学观念应当而且可以是普遍的文学观念的一部分。Since“May fourth Movement”,Western culture has come to be seen as representation of universal modernity,“Unity of Literature”as the basic foundation of Modern Study of Chinese literature assimilated the identification of modernity.Based on the concept of unity of literature,Western literary theory has been regarded as the universal principle of literature,and the history of Chinese literary criticism as the history of manifestation and development of universal literary principle in China.The deference of literatures between China and West has been treated temporally as the one of Middle vs.Modern,rather than the cultural one of East and West.Modern scholars like Qian Zhongshu argued that the universal principle is not equal to western literary theory,and they devoted to the equal dialogue between the two traditions,to construct the real universal principle of literature.In modern China,some literary theorists try to reconstruct the national literary theory.From the perspective of academic history,the idea of universal literature pursued by modern scholars is rational historically,but the idea itself is historical and changeable.The traditional Chinese literary theory should and is able to become one part of the universal principle of literature.

关 键 词：“统一的文学” “近世精神” 现代性 普遍原理 民族特征 

分 类 号：I206.9[文学—中国文学]