现代生物社会犯罪学:西方犯罪学研究的新取向  

Modern Biosocial Criminology:A New Direction of Western Criminological Studies

作　　者：罗力群[1] LUO Liqun(Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学社会学院

出　　处：《犯罪研究》2022年第5期97-112,共16页Chinese Criminology Review

基　　金：2016年国家社会科学基金项目“西方生物社会学研究”(项目编号:16BSH002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代犯罪学的第一个学派即意大利学派重视生物学因素对犯罪行为的影响,但在20世纪的大部分时间里,西方主流犯罪学研究实际上就是犯罪社会学研究,而无视犯罪的生物学成因。自20世纪60年代以来,依托于生物学的新进展的生物社会犯罪学逐渐发展起来。生物社会犯罪学倡导结合生物学和社会科学的知识和洞见来解释犯罪行为。它主要包括三个分支:进化犯罪学、犯罪的行为遗传学研究、神经犯罪学。这三个分支分别受到进化生物学、遗传学和神经科学的影响。生物社会犯罪学能够丰富传统犯罪学研究的解释层次,为犯罪研究带来新的知识和洞见;它能帮助犯罪学融入科学洪流,使之与自然科学特别是生物学一同前进;它也有潜力为犯罪预防和矫正提供更有效的对策。发展生物社会犯罪学并不存在真正的学理上的障碍。Although the first school of modern criminology,the Italian School,emphasized biological influences on criminal behaviors,in most parts of the 20th century,mainstream Western criminology actually was the sociological study of crime,neglecting biological origins of crime.Since the 1960s,biosocial criminology that relies on new advances in biology has been gradually developing.Biosocial criminology advocates the integration of knowledge and insights from both biology and social sciences to explain criminal behaviors.It consists of three main branches,evolutionary criminology,behavioral genetics of crime,and neurocriminology,which have been influenced by evolutionary biology,genetics,and neuroscience.Biosocial criminology can enrich the interpretation of traditional criminology and bring about new knowledge and insights.It may help integrate criminology into scientific development,moving forward along with natural sciences,especially biology.It has the potential to provide more effective solutions for crime prevention and correction.There are no real theoretical barriers impeding the development of biosocial criminology.

关 键 词：生物社会犯罪学 进化犯罪学 行为遗传学 神经犯罪学 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]