乌兰布和沙漠周边典型植物群落防风阻沙效果  

The wind and sand resistance effect of four vegetation types in Ulan Buhe Desert

作　　者：李映坤 李锦荣 董雷 罗祥英 韩兆恩 王茹 Li Yingkun;Li Jinrong;Dong Le;Luo Xiangying;Han Zhaoen;Wang Ru(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Aeolian Physics and Desertification Control Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Yinshanbeilu National Field Research Station of Steppe Eco-hydrological System,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院/内蒙古自治区风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2022年第6期65-73,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0125);国家自然科学基金项目(42071021);内蒙古自治区重大专项(zdzx2018058-3)。

摘　　要：为揭示荒漠生态系统典型群落样地对近地层风沙活动规律,阐明荒漠生态系统中不同植被类型的防风阻沙效果,在乌兰布和沙漠东北缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带选择油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、四合木(Tetraena mongolica)4种典型植物群落,以裸沙丘作为对照样地(CK)开展群落风沙活动观测研究。结果表明:群落内风速廓线符合对数分布规律;相对于裸沙丘地,4个样地的地表粗糙度显著增加,防风效果随距地高度增加而减小;在植物高度范围内,植物防风效果较好,植物高度范围外的防风效果减小,但仍有一定防风作用。植被的防风阻沙效果差异性来源于植被构型的差异。群落样地的输沙率符合指数Q=a+e^(bH)(a>0,b<0),且显著小于对照样地,植被可以有效减少近地表层输沙。4种群落距地面0—100 cm高度范围阻沙效果梭梭>霸王>四合木>油蒿。植被的防风固沙效果与植被高度、盖度和侧盖度线性关系显著。群落高度、盖度和侧盖度作为植物构型量化的一种形式,在其中起到关键作用。油蒿、霸王、梭梭及四合木群落在该地区具有良好的防风阻沙效果。In this study,we revealed the effects of wind prevention and sand resistance of different vegetation types in desert ecosystems by studying the influence of typical plant plots in desert ecosystems on near-surface wind and sand activities.We studied the aeolian sand activity in four typical plant communities(i.e.Artemisia ordosica,Sarcozygium xanthoxylon,Haloxylon ammodendron and Tetraena mongolica)in the desert-oasis transition zone on the northeastern edge of the Ulan Buhe Desert.Meanwhile,the aeolian sand activity of the bare dunes was also studied as a control plot(CK).Our results showed that the wind speed profile in the 4 plots conform to logarithmic distribution law.The surface roughness of the four plots increased significantly when compared with the bare dune(CK),and the windproof performance decreased with the increasing of the height from the ground.Within the plant height range,all four plots showed excellent windproof performance.The windproof performance decreased in the space above the height of the plant,but plant still showed a certain windproof effect.The difference of wind prevention and sand fixation effect of communities was due to the difference of vegetation configuration.The sediment transport rate in the 4 community plots was conformed to the exponential function Q=a+e^(bH)(a>0,b<0),and was significantly lower than that in the control plot.The four communities had good wind and sand blocking effects in this area,among which,H.ammodendron showed the best sand blocking effect within the height range of 0-100 cm from the ground,followed by S.xanthoxylon and T.mongolica,and A.ordosica showed the lowest sand blocking effect.The wind performance effect of vegetation was significant linearly correlated with vegetation height,coverage and lateral coverage.Community height,coverage and lateral coverage,as a form of quantification of plant configuration,also played a key role.All four communities we studied show excellent effect of wind proof and sand resistance in Ulan Buhe Desert.

关 键 词：群落 风沙流结构 输沙量 防风阻沙效果 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]