有机无机复配调理剂对酸化土壤性状和烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Organic-inorganic Compound Conditioner on Acidified Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality

作　　者：陈桢禄 潘晓英 卢钰升 黄振瑞 顾文杰 郭俊杰 魏彬 曾瑜玲 刘意旋 何经纬 李集勤[1] CHEN Zhenlu;PAN Xiaoying;LU Yusheng;HUANG Zhenrui;GU Wenjie;GUO Junjie;WEI Bin;ZENG Yuling;LIU Yixuan;HE Jingwei;LI Jiqin(Grops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province/Guangdong Provincial Engineering&Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Guangzhou 510000;China National Tobacco Corporation,Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510000;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640;Guangdong Tobacco Meizhou Co.,Ltd.,Meizhou,Guangdong 514000;Guangdong Tobacco Meizhou Co.,Ltd.,Dapu County Branch,Dapu,Guangdong 514200)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室/广东省烟草育种与综合利用工程技术研究中心,广州510640 [2]中国烟草总公司广东省公司,广州510000 [3]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州510640 [4]广东烟草梅州市有限公司,广东梅州514000 [5]广东烟草梅州市有限公司大埔县分公司,广东大埔514200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第3期28-34,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广东省烟草专卖局(公司)科技计划资助项目“烟草专用有机无机营养调理剂的研制和示范”(粤烟科项201701);“广东植烟土壤耕地保育关键技术研究与示范”(粤烟科专项201702);“广东烟区烤后烟叶褪色原因研究”(粤烟科项202102)。

摘　　要：探究有机无机复配调理剂改良酸化土壤田间施用效果,为后续推广应用提供理论依据。采取大田试验方法,共设置5个处理,分别为T1:不施调理剂(CK),T2:有机无机复配调理剂(1500 kg/hm^(2)),T3:有机无机复配优化调理剂(1500 kg/hm^(2)),T4:海洋类调理剂(1500 kg/hm^(2))和T5:生物炭(1500 kg/hm^(2)),随机区组设计,比较不同处理对酸化植烟沙泥田土壤性状和烟叶产质量等方面的影响。结果表明:(1)施用调理剂改善烟株农艺性状和提高烟叶产质量的效果明显,其中有机无机复配优化调理剂处理的株高、有效叶数、茎围和最大叶长显著高于对照8.53%、14.19%、7.40%和8.21%,其产量、产值和均价显著高于对照28.76%、46.98%和14.16%。(2)各处理烟叶的总氮、烟碱、钾、氯,和蛋白质含量以及氮碱比均在适宜范围内,海洋类调理剂处理的化学成分相对协调。(3)与对照相比,有机无机复配优化调理剂处理显著提高土壤0.32个pH单位,其脲酶活性提高26.23%,2种有机无机复配调理剂处理土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量均显著提高,二者速效钾含量显著提高20.53%以上;所有调理剂处理的交换性钙和交换性镁含量均高于对照,其中海洋类调理剂处理二者含量较对照显著提升152.37%和56.34%以上,其转化酶和脱氢酶活性含量较对照提高93.67%和78.65%。综上,有机无机复配优化调理剂改良酸性植烟沙泥田和提升烟叶产质量的综合效果最佳,海洋类调理剂次之。The study verified the field application effect of organic-inorganic compound conditioners on tobacco,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent popularization and application.Five treatments were set up in field experiments,which were T1:no conditioner(CK),T2:organic-inorganic compound conditioner(1500 kg/hm^(2)),T3:organic-inorganic compound optimal conditioner(1500 kg/hm^(2)),T4:marine conditioner(1500 kg/hm^(2))and T5:biochar(1500 kg/hm^(2)).A randomized block design was used to compare the effects of different treatments on soil properties and tobacco yield and quality.The results showed that:(1)the application of conditioners significantly improved the agronomic characters of tobacco plants,as well as the yield and quality of tobacco;the plant height,effective leaf number,stem circumference and maximum leaf length under organic-inorganic compound optimal conditioner were improved by 8.53%,14.19%,7.40%and 8.21%,respectively,compared to those of the control;and the yield,output value and average price were significantly improved by 28.76%,46.98%and 14.16%,respectively,compared to those of the control;(2)the total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium,chlorine,protein contents and nitrogen-alkali ratio under all the treatments were within the appropriate range,and the chemical components of marine conditioner treatment were relatively coordinated;(3)compared to the control,the organic-inorganic compound optimal conditioner significantly increased the soil pH unit by 0.32,with its urease activity increased by 26.23%;the two organic-inorganic compound conditioners both increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in soil,and increased the content of available potassium by more than 20.53%;the content of exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium under all conditioners were higher than those of the control;under marine conditioner treatment,the content of exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were 152.37%and 56.34%higher than those of the control,and the activity of invertase and dehydrog

关 键 词：酸化土壤 有机无机调理剂 土壤养分 烟叶 土壤酶活性 微生物菌落 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]