Monitoring dioxins and PCBs in eggs as sensitive indicators for environmental pollution and global contaminated sites and recommendations for reducing and controlling releases and exposure  

作　　者：Jindrich Petrlik Lee Bell Joe DiGangi Serge Molly Allo'o Allo'o Gilbert Kuepouo Griffins Ochieng Ochola Valeriya Grechko Nikola Jelinek Jitka Strakova Martin Skalsky Yuyun Ismawati Drwiega Jonathan N.Hogarh Eric Akortia Sam Adu-Kumi Akarapon Teebthaisong Maria Carcamo Bjorn Beeler Peter Behnisch Claudia Baitinger Christine Herold Roland Weber 

机构地区：[1]International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN),Gooteborg,Sweden [2]Arnika e Toxics and Waste Programme,Delnicka 13,Prague,Czech Republic [3]National Toxics Network(NTN),Perth,Australia [4]National SAICM Focal Point,President of the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Rotterdam Convention,Ministry of Forestry,Fisheries and Environment,Libreville,Gabon [5]Centre de Recherche et d‘Education pour le Developpement(CREPD),Yaounde,Cameroon [6]Centre for Environmental Justice and Development(CEJAD),Nairobi,Kenya [7]University of Chemistry and Technology,Technicka 5,Prague,Czech Republic [8]Arnika e Citizens'Support Center,Delnicka 13,Prague,Czech Republic [9]Nexus3 Foundation,Denpasar,80223,Indonesia [10]Department of Environmental Science,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,Kumasi,Ghana [11]Ghana Atomic Energy Commission,National Nuclear Research Institute,Accra,Republic of Ghana [12]Chemicals Control and Management Centre,Environmental Protection Agency,Accra,Ghana [13]Ecological Alert and Recovery e Thailand(EARTH),Nonthaburi,Thailand [14]La Red de Accion en Plaguicidas y sus Alternativas para America Latina,Montevideo,Uruguay [15]BioDetection Systems BV(BDS),Science Park 406,1098 XH,Amsterdam,the Netherlands [16]Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz(BUND),Germany [17]POPs Environmental Consulting,D-73527,Schw€abisch Gmünd,Germany

出　　处：《Emerging Contaminants》2022年第1期254-279,共26页新兴污染物（英文）

摘　　要：This review compiles information on PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated eggs from 20 years of global egg monitoring around emission sources in four continents conducted by the International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN)and Arnika as well as a compilation of data from scientific literature.IPEN monitored 127 pooled egg samples including samples from 113 chicken flocks at potential PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated sites around priority sources listed in the Stockholm Convention(e.g.waste incinerators,metal industries,cement plants,and open burning).99(88%)of pooled egg samples were above the EU maximum limits for PCDD/Fs(2.5 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat)or the sum of PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs(5 pg PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/g fat).Children consuming such eggs exceed the tolerable weekly intake(TWI).This demonstrates that close to 90%of these areas were not safe for the production of free-range eggs.Sixteen out of the 113 egg samples(14%)were contaminated above 50 pg TEQ/g fat and exceeded the EU maximum limit more than 10 times.From the 26 pooled egg samples around incinerators 24(92%)exceeded the limit with a mean of 43.1 pg TEQ/g fat(2.6e234 pg TEQ/g).All 21 egg samples around metal industries(4.4e112.6 pg TEQ/g fat)were above limits with mean concentration of 26.0 pg TEQ/g fat.Also all 7 egg samples measured at e-waste recycling sites were above limits(mean 308 pg TEQ/g fat).In 58(51%)pooled egg samples the PCB-TEQ was above 5 pg TEQ/g fat exceeding the EU maximum limit with dioxin-like PCBs alone.This highlights the role of commercial PCBs for global contamination with dioxin-like compounds.It was discovered that around metal industries,shredder plants,open burning sites of e-waste and dump sites,a high share of contamination was caused by dl-PCBs.This clearly shows severe PCB release from the end-of-life management of PCB-containing equipment in developing countries.Also highly contaminated eggs were found at many sites where plastic was incinerated.The highest contaminated egg sample ever measured came from an e-waste site in Ghana a

关 键 词：PCDD/PCDF DL-PCBS PBDD/PBDF Contaminated sites MONITORING Egg DR CALUX 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]