量子力学佯谬及第二次量子革命  

Quantum mechanical paradoxes and the second quantum revolution

作　　者：薛鹏 XUE Peng(Beijing Computational Science Research Center,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京计算科学研究中心,北京100193

出　　处：《物理》2022年第12期811-820,共10页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12025401,92265209)资助项目。

摘　　要：文章介绍了三个著名的量子力学佯谬,分别是有关量子力学与定域实在性、语境实在性,以及宏观实在性三者之间的关系。这三个佯谬对应三个思想实验,后来又发展出由隐变量理论和实在性推导出的不等式,这些不等式可以定量地判断量子力学和这些实在性之间的关系,使得纠缠等量子力学特性成为可以被真实探测和利用的资源,被广泛应用于量子保密通信、量子隐形传态、量子计算等任务中。量子信息理论的出现,进一步带动了量子通信、量子计算和量子传感等高新技术领域的产生和发展,开启了“第二次量子革命”。This paper introduces three famous paradoxes of quantum mechanics concerning the relationships between quantum mechanics and local reality,contextual reality,and macroscopic reality.The three paradoxes correspond to three thought experiments,from which the inequalities derived from the hidden variable theory and reality were developed.These inequalities can thus quantitatively evaluate the relationship between quantum mechanics and the three realities,making entanglement and other quantum properties become real resources that can be detected and utilized,and so widely used in quantum cryptography,quantum teleportation,and quantum computation.The emergence of quantum information theory has further driven the generation and development of quantum communication,simulation and sensing,as well as other high-tech fields,thus opening the“second quantum revolution”.

关 键 词：贝尔不等式 EPR佯谬 薛定谔的猫 量子革命 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]