最低生活保障制度的漏保问题及其治理——基于N省社会救助核查案例的分析  

The Problem of Non-take-up in the Minimum Livelihood Guarantee and Its Solutions——Based on the Case of Social Assistance Verification in N Province

作　　者：王强 程中培 Wang Qiang;Cheng Zhongpei(School of Public Administration,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;School of Government,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]海南大学公共管理学院,海口570228 [2]南京大学政府管理学院,南京210023

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2022年第11期81-88,共8页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“农村低保资格认定中的数字治理困境及政策创新研究”(编号:22CSH071);海南省社科基金项目“数字治理背景下海南省农村低保资格认定机制创新研究”(编号:HNSK(ZC)22-195);南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划“最低生活保障制度‘未领取’问题研究”(编号:202102B005)。

摘　　要：低保漏保问题的发生将严重弱化低保的兜底保障功能、危及社会稳定,长远来看还将制约低收入群体共同富裕目标的实现。在新冠疫情持续和经济下行压力增大的背景下,低保漏保问题的危害将进一步放大。本文结合N省社会救助核查案例,基于政策目标群体、政策执行主体、政策工具和政策时效性等要素,将低保漏保划分为主动弃保型、被动未申请型、政策执行偏差型、技术型和救助延误型五种漏保类型,并对其成因进行分析。据此,本文建议阶段性扩大低保覆盖面、适度加大财政投入、构建包容性贫困识别指标,并针对不同漏保问题类型实施低保专项治理。In the context of the COVID-19 and the increasing downward pressure on China’s economy, the non-take-up of Minimum Livelihood Guarantee is not conducive to the minimum level of security and social stability, and will also hinder the realization of the goal of common prosperity for low-income groups in the long term. Based on the case of social assistance verification in N province, this study classifies the under-insurance and the non-takeup into five types, including active abandonment type, passive non-application type, policy implementation deviation type, technical type and relief delay type, based on the elements of policy target group,policy implementation subject,policy instruments and policy timeliness and analyzes their causes. Accordingly,this paper suggests that the Chinese government should appropriately expand the coverage of Minimum Livelihood Guarantee, increase the financial expenditure of social assistance, improve the identification indicators of poverty, and implement special solutions for different types of non-take-up.

关 键 词：低保制度 漏保问题 应保未保 社会救助 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]