小儿急性呼吸道感染病原菌分布情况和药敏试验分析  

Pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug sensitivity test of acute respiratory tract infection in children

作　　者：张羽[1] 武胜涛[2] 朱金玉[1] Zhang Yu;Wu Shengtao;Zhu Jinyu(Department of Infection Prevention and Control,Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000,China;Wards IV,Department of Neurology,Nanyang Central Hospital,Nanyang 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳市中心医院感染防控科,南阳473000 [2]南阳市中心医院神经内科四病区,南阳473000

出　　处：《中国实用医刊》2022年第18期27-30,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析小儿急性呼吸道感染病原菌的分布和药敏试验情况。方法抽取2018年3月至2021年9月南阳市中心医院小儿急性呼吸道感染患儿174例,均采集呼吸道分泌物标本进行菌株培养鉴定和药敏试验,分析病原菌分布情况和不同年龄、不同季节分布特征,统计致病菌株耐药率。结果174例标本共分离出218株病原菌,主要为革兰阴性菌,其次为革兰阳性菌,致病菌株以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌为主。1个月~1岁患儿各病原菌分离率较高,高于其他三个年龄段的患儿;大肠埃希菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌在冬季的分离率最高,肺炎克雷伯菌在秋季的分离率最高。金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌对青霉素均完全耐药,对万古霉素无耐药性;大肠埃希菌对头孢唑林、头孢曲松耐药率高;肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林天然耐药,对亚胺培南无耐药性。结论小儿急性呼吸道感染病原菌构成复杂,并存在明显年龄和季节差异,且对各抗菌药物耐药性不同,临床应结合药敏试验结果使用耐药性较低的抗生素。Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and results of drug sensitivity test in children with acute respiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 174 children with acute respiratory tract infection treated in Nanyang Central Hospital from March 2018 to September 2021 were selected.Respiratory secretions samples were collected from them for strain identification and drug sensitivity test.The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the distribution characteristics of different ages and different seasons were analyzed,and the drug resistance rate of pathogenic strains was calculated.Results A total of 218 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 174 samples,which were mainly Gram-negative bacteria,followed by gram-positive bacteria.The pathogenic strains were mainly Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.The isolation rate of pathogens from children aged 1 month to 1 year was higher than that of children at other three age groups.The isolation rate of Escherichia coli,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the highest in winter,and the isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was the highest in autumn.Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were completely resistant to penicillin,but had no resistance to vancomycin.Escherichia coli had a high drug resistance rate to cefazolin and ceftriaxone;Klebsiella pneumoniae was naturally resistant to ampicillin,but not resistant to imipenem.Conclusions The composition of pathogenic bacteria in children with acute respiratory tract infections is complicated,and there are obvious age and seasonal differences,and the resistance to various antimicrobial drugs is different.In clinical,antibiotics with low drug resistance can be used according to the results of drug susceptibility tests.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 急性 病原菌分布 药敏试验 耐药性 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]