“无代表,不算法”:算法统治的政治代表性问题  

“No Algorithm Without Representation”: The Political Representation Issues of Algocracy

作　　者：王中原 Wang Zhongyuan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院 [2]复旦大学复杂决策分析中心,上海200433

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第11期162-176,180,共16页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“算法治理视域下政府数字化转型的实践困境及其破解机制研究”(21CZZ039)。

摘　　要：算法统治(algocracy)是公共部门利用算法技术创造的一种新型统治秩序和治理形态。政务算法化正席卷各类政体,不断放大国家的规制性权力、强制性权力和分配性权力,重塑权利与权力、自由与秩序、公平与效率之间的平衡关系。当前,算法统治在算法输入、运算和输出环节存在授权、问责、回应方面的实质性代表性问题,造成公民声音的不在场性和公民权益的损失风险。同时,算法统治倾向于不断沉积、固化、强化乃至结构化特定群体的弱势地位,排斥少数群体的平等出场和权益实现。建构“算法代表性”有助于约束“算法利维坦”的权力边界和运行方式,保障公民特别是弱势群体的算法权益,提升算法统治的合法性,同时拓展新技术环境下的代表理论。Algocracy comes as a new type of ruling model and governing form. The algorithmization of government is sweeping across all regime types, which constantly amplifies states’ regulatory, coercive and distributive powers, thus reshaping the balance between rights and power, freedom and order, fairness and efficiency. The current algocracy has embodied substantial representation challenges in terms of authorization, accountability and responsiveness in the processes of algorithm input, operation and output, resulting in the absence of public voices and the risk of loss of citizens’ rights and interests. Furthermore, algocracy tends to cyclically confirm, solidify, strengthen and even structuralize the disadvantaged position of venerable people, and exclude the equal participation and rights of minority groups. Building “algorithmic representation” will help constrain the power of “Algorithmic Leviathan”, protect the algorithmic rights and interests of citizens, enhance the legitimacy of algocracy, as well as update representation theories in the new-technology era.

关 键 词：算法统治 算法代表性 算主社会 算法政治 政务算法化 

分 类 号：TP301.6[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构] D035[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]