太平天国辖境苏浙农村社会经济秩序探析  

An Analysis on the Socio-Economic Order of Rural Jiangsu and Zhejiang with Regards to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

作　　者：刘晨[1] Liu Chen

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史研究》2022年第5期136-158,M0006,M0007,共25页Historical Research

基　　金：国家“十四五”发展规划重大学术文化工程《(新编)中国通史》纂修工程《清代(下卷)》;国家社科基金青年项目“清代群体性事件与官方治理研究”(20CZS038)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1860年到1861年春夏间,在严峻斗争局势下,为建立稳固的后方基地,太平天国在实践上背离《天朝田亩制度》的基本主张,在苏浙农村推行清朝赋税制度,以地主收租完粮为主要征赋途径,依靠乡绅、胥吏、地保等封建势力重建地方秩序。这种方略违背了农民阶级的根本利益,但“着佃交粮”和限租政策又触及地主阶级利益,加之太平天国领导阶层腐败日益严重,最终失败。把农村地区改造成革命根据地,是赢得近代中国革命胜利的关键问题。太平天国构建农村社会经济秩序的失败教训深刻揭示,在缺乏先进阶级领导和先进理论指导的前提下,农民阶级是无法解决这一关键问题的。From 1860 to early 1861, characterized by the severe war situation, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom deviated from the basic practice of the Land System to better stabilize the rear base. This resulted in a tax system founded in the Qing Dynasty and to be implemented in the rural areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In this way, taxes were levied through landlords who collected land rent from tenant farmers, and aimed to reestablish local order by relying on the feudal forces such as squires, petty offi cials, and constables. This strategy went against the fundamental interests of the peasant class, and such policy of collecting rent directly from tenant farmers, instead of the landlords, in addition to rent restriction, also harmed the interests of the landlord class. Coupled with increasing corruption, the taxation method failed. In modern Chinese revolution, the key to victory lies in transforming rural areas into revolutionary bases. The failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom announced that without advanced class leadership and progressive theories, the peasant class cannot solve this key issue.

关 键 词：太平天国 基层社会 农村经济 阶级基础 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K254[政治法律—中外政治制度]