两宋时期支圈覆烧法的考古学观察  

Archeological Research on the Upside-down Firing with Support Ring in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：于陆洋 游家皓 Yu Luyang;You Jiahao

机构地区：[1]中国文物信息咨询中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2022年第11期78-91,共14页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：支圈覆烧法是将瓷器覆置于支圈窑具进行烧造的方法,在两宋时期使用频率较高、流行地域较广。本文从考古学的角度考察两宋时期支圈覆烧法的相关问题。将支圈分为盘形支圈与环形组合支圈两类,对各类型支圈的年代进行考证,认为以往的研究普遍存在年代判定过早的问题,进而进行分期研究。再对传播方向与路径进行讨论,认为定窑在支圈的传播中处于优势和主导地位,其应是盘形支圈的创始窑场。湖田窑环形组合支圈的装置设计理念亦来源于定窑,又传播至周边的江西中部、湖南东部与福建西部地区。福建其他地区窑场则部分接受了湖田窑环形组合支圈的文化因素,并对其进行了扬弃式的再发展。The upside-down is a firing method to cover the ceramics on the support ring.It was frequently and widely used in the Song dynasty.The related issues of the upside-down firing method in the Song dynasty are discussed in this paper from the perspective of archaeology.By dividing the support ring into two types:plate-shaped and composite annular support ring and researching their age,the author believes that there is a problem of premature dating in previous studies.And then a staging study is carried out.After discussing the spreading direction and path of the support ring,it is believed that Ding Kiln played a dominant role in this process and should be the originate of the plate-shaped support ring.The design concept of the composite annular support ring of Hutian Kiln also stemmed from Ding Kiln and then spread to other surrounding kilns in central Jiangxi,eastern Hunan and western Fujian.The kilns in other areas of Fujian partially accepted the cultural factors of the support ring of Hutian Kiln and carried on the development in the form of sublation.

关 键 词：宋代 支圈覆烧法 定窑 湖田窑 芒口 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K244[历史地理—历史学]