明初景德镇“官窑”之窑场性质考略  

A Brief Study on the Nature of“Official Kiln”in Jingdezhen in the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：朱姗姗 韦有明 Zhu Shanshan;Wei Youming

机构地区：[1]景德镇学院,景德镇333000 [2]景德镇市陶瓷考古研究所,景德镇333000

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2022年第11期92-103,共12页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：江西省社会科学基金项目“景德镇明清御窑厂考古遗产与大遗址保护研究”(22LS10)成果;景德镇学院景德镇学研究中心2021年度委托项目“景德镇镇区明代初期‘官窑’的考古学研究”(JYW2021049)成果;2020年度景德镇市社会科学规划项目“明初礼制改革对洪武官窑瓷器形制、纹样影响探微—以考古出土材料为中心”成果之一。

摘　　要：学界对明初景德镇的窑业面貌,尤其是官窑的设置年代等问题做了大量研究并基本达成共识,但考古、调查工作对新材料的揭示,为加深对这一历史时期的窑业概况的认识提供了新的契机。洪武时期烧造“官窑”瓷器的窑场并非御器厂一处,而是散落于镇区的多个区域。专为营造皇宫都城所需的瓷质构件而设立的窑场,则靠近原材料产地或河川溪流地带。以上窑场在地理空间上形成了点多面广、一大多小的时代面貌。洪武时期“镇之珠山麓”的主要功能为产品的烧造、堆放和管理,而散落于镇区的相关民窑则承担着烧造“贡御”产品和建筑材料的角色。洪武时期景德镇在官方的干预下,已然进行了规模化的“官窑”烧造活动,但成熟且功能完善的官窑机构御器厂的设置年代,则要迟至永乐早期。Scholars have done a lot of research on the appearance of Jingdezhen kiln industry in the early Ming dynasty,especially the setting age of ofcial kilns,and reached a basic consensus.However,with the new materials revealed in the archaeology and investigation,it provides a new opportunity for understanding the general situation of kiln industry in this historical period.During the Hongwu period,the“official kilns”for firing imperial porcelain were scattered in many areas of the town in addition to the“royal ware kiln”.The kilns specially set up to create the porcelain components designed for the construction of the Imperial Palace were close to the origin of raw materials or rivers and streams.In geographical space,all these kilns had appeared the characteristics of many points in broad areas and one large kiln with many small kilns.The main function of the“Pearl Mountain foot in the town”in Hongwu period was to fire,stack and manage the porcelain,while the relevant folk kilns scattered in the town assumed the firing of the“tribute”and building materials.With the ofcial intervention,Jingdezhen had carried out large-scale firing activities in“ofcial kiln”during the Hongwu period,but the establishment of the developed“royal ware kiln”with complete functions was as late as the early Yongle period.

关 键 词：明初 景德镇 窑场 设厂年代 

分 类 号：K878.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K248[历史地理—历史学]