故宫古建筑防火的传统科学方法  

The Traditional Scientific Methods of Fire Prevention of Ancient Buildings in the Forbidden City

作　　者：周乾[1] ZHOU Qian(Institute of Gugong Studies,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院故宫学研究所,北京100009

出　　处：《白城师范学院学报》2022年第6期1-11,15,共12页Journal of Baicheng Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“抬梁式木构古建筑抗震性能系统化研究”(51878182)。

摘　　要：故宫以木结构为主,容易遭受火灾。文章探讨了明清时期故宫古建筑防火的科学方法,分析了其在隔火、灭火方面的有效性。结果表明:故宫古建筑传统防火的科学方法主要包括:使用内金水河、铜缸或铁缸里的水灭火,建造砖墙、砖石房来隔火,采用具有机械力的唧筒和水龙为灭火工具。此外,清代组建的救火队亦有利于火灾扑救。The Forbidden City mainly consists of wood structure,which is vulnerable to fire.This paper discusses the scientific methods of fire prevention of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and analyses its effectiveness in fire insulation and fire extinguishing.The results show that the traditional fire prevention methods of ancient buildings in the Forbidden City mainly include:using the water in the inner Jinshui River,copper or iron vat to extinguish the fire,building brick walls and masonry houses to insulate fire,and using pumps and fire hoses with mechanical force as fire extinguishing tools.In addition,the fire brigade formed in the Qing Dynasty was also conducive to fire fighting.

关 键 词：故宫古建筑 防火 科学 传统方法 

分 类 号：D631.6[政治法律—政治学]