湘西地区军事本草植物资源研究(Ⅳ)——有毒植物资源调查分析  

Study on Plant Resources of Military Materia Medica in Western Hunan(Ⅳ):Investigation and Analysis of Poisonous Plant Resources

作　　者：肖美琪 李震 李振辉 张扬扬 向晓媚 陈功锡[1,2] XIAO Meiqi;LI Zhen;LI Zhenhui;ZHANG Yangyang;XIANG Xiaomei;CHEN Gongxi(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization(College of Hunan Province),Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan China;School of Medicine,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,Hunan China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学药学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]植物资源保护与利用湖南省高校重点实验室,湖南吉首416000 [3]吉首大学医学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期20-29,36,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：“湖南中药与天然药物”产学研合作示范基地资助项目(2020JK01)。

摘　　要：为进一步丰富湘西地区军事本草资源数据库,更好地开发利用军事应用目的的本草资源,以湘西土家族苗族自治州、张家界市及其周边地区为研究范围,通过实地调查和文献查阅方法对该区军事本草有毒植物资源进行统计分析.结果表明:湘西地区军事本草有毒植物共67科136属203种,生活习性以多年生草本为主,生境以林中为主;分布格局上,有毒植物垂直分布数量随海拔升高先增加后减少,水平分布丰富度湘西北部地区高于南部地区;地理成分从科级到属级再到种级的分化逐步变大,其中科级水平以世界分布居多,属级水平以北温带分布居多,种级水平以东亚成分(中国特有分布和东亚分布)占优势;有毒植物部位以全株有毒为主,毒性以小毒为主,毒理作用以神经系统毒、黏膜刺激性毒为主.In order to enrich the military herbal resource database in western Hunan, and better develop and utilize the materia medica resources for military purposes, the toxic plant resources of military materia medica in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Zhangjiajie City and its surrounding areas were statistically analyzed through field investigation and literature review.The results show that there are 203 species, belonging to 136 genera and 67 families of poisonous plants in Western Hunan;life habits are mainly of perennial herbs.The habitat is dominated by forest.As for the distribution, the number of poisonous plants increases first and then decreases with the increase of elevation.In the horizontal distribution, the abundance of poisonous plants in the northwest of Hunan is higher than that in the south.The differentiation of geographical elements from the family level to the genus level and then to the species level has gradually become larger.At the family level, most of the poisonous plants in western Hunan can be found around the world;at the genus level, most of them are distributed in the north temperate zone;at the species level, the dominant species are of east Asian species(endemically distributed in China).The majority of toxic plants are of whole-part toxic plants with small toxicity.The toxicological effects are mainly nervous system toxicity and mucosal irritation toxicity.

关 键 词：有毒植物 植物资源 军事本草 湘西地区 

分 类 号：Q949.98[生物学—植物学]