稻壳覆施技术对棚内湿度的调控效果以及番茄长势和晚疫病抗性的影响  

Effects of Rice Husk Mulching on Humidity in Greenhouse and Growth and Late Blight Resistance of Tomato

作　　者：王成港 赵琳 赵丽丽 艾聪聪 盛慧 王玉姣 孟哲 朱春原 李壮 张修国 WANG Cheng-gang;ZHAO Lin;ZHAO Li-li;AI Cong-cong;SHENG Hui;WANG Yu-jiao;MENG Zhe;ZHU Chun-yuan;LI Zhuang;ZHANG Xiu-guo(College of Life Sciences,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250013,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;College of Life Sciences,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250013 [2]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]山东业大学生命科学学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2022年第6期65-71,共7页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010714);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25-03B)。

摘　　要：为了明确稻壳覆施技术对大棚番茄长势以及抗病性的影响,在大棚番茄缓苗期于行长8 m、行距0.9 m的番茄行间,分别覆盖施用经反应堆处理的稻壳0(未覆施,CK)、10、15和20 kg,研究了不同用量稻壳覆施对棚内相对湿度的调控效果,以及番茄长势和晚疫病发生为害的影响。结果表明:试验用量的稻壳覆施后,番茄生育期棚内相对湿度均较CK显著降低,湿度随着稻壳用量的增加而逐渐降低,其中稻壳用量20 kg处理降湿效果最好,湿度降幅为40%左右;株高、茎粗、叶面积、根系活力、根系干重和光合效率均>CK,其中稻壳用量20 kg处理效果最好;番茄晚疫病病情指数明显降低,病情指数随着稻壳用量的增加而逐渐降低,其中稻壳用量20 kg处理防病效果最好,相对防效为44.9%。在大棚内采用稻壳覆施技术,可有效降低棚内空气相对湿度,增强番茄长势,明显抑制番茄晚疫病的发生与为害。In order to determine the effect of rice husk mulching technology on the growth and disease resistance of greenhouse tomato,the rice husk 0(uncoated,CK),10,15 and 20 kg treated by the reactor were mulched between the rows of tomato with a length of 8 m and a row spacing of 0.9 m during the rejuvenation period of greenhouse tomato.The effects of different rice husk mulching on the relative humidity in greenhouse and the effects of tomato growth and the occurrence of late blight were studied.The results showed that the relative humidity in greenhouse during the growth period of tomato was significantly lower than that of CK after the rice husk mulching at the test dosage,and the humidity gradually decreased with the increase of the rice husk dosage,among which the rice husk dosage of20 kg had the best dehumidification effect,and the humidity reduction was about 40%.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,root activity,root dry weight and photosynthetic efficiency were all higher than CK,and the effect of 20 kg rice husk was the best.The disease index of tomato late blight decreased significantly,which gradually decreased with the increase of rice hull dosage.Among them,the treatment of 20 kg rice husk had the best disease control effect,with a relative control effect of 44.9%.Applying rice husk mulching technology in greenhouse can effectively reduce the relative humidity,enhance the growth of tomato,and significantly inhibit the occurrence and damage of tomato late blight.

关 键 词：稻壳处理 大棚番茄 番茄晚疫病 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S436.412.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]