跑鞋跟掌落差对跑步时着地方式和髌股关节应力负荷的影响  

Influence of Heel-to-toe Drop of Running Shoes on Foot Strike Pattern and Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running

作　　者：张马森 崔婧 周兴龙[1] 刘卉 Zhang Masen;Cui Jing;Zhou Xinglong;Liu Hui(School of Sport Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing100084,China;China Institute of Sport and Health Science,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学中国运动与健康研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2022年第11期841-848,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81572212,12132009);国家留学基金项目(202006520020)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨在相同跑速下,穿着不同跟掌落差的跑鞋对着地方式和髌股关节应力负荷的影响。方法:18名男性跑者穿着不同跟掌落差的跑鞋以4.0±0.2 m/s的速度完成测试,使用红外运动捕捉系统和三维测力台同步采集下肢的运动学数据和地面反作用力;采用逆动力学和髌股关节生物力学模型计算髌股关节压力、应力等。结果:穿着零落差跑鞋跑步时,着地瞬间足地角显著降低(P=0.008);支撑期髌股关节应力峰值和应力冲量显著降低(P<0.05);髌股关节应力峰值时刻的膝关节屈曲角度、伸膝力矩、股四头肌肌力和髌股关节压力显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:与跟掌落差较高的跑鞋相比,穿着零落差跑鞋会降低着地瞬间足地角,降低支撑期髌股关节应力峰值和应力冲量,进而有效改善髌股关节负荷,降低髌股关节损伤的可能性。Objective To explore the influence of running shoes with different heel-to-toe drops on the foot strike pattern and patellofemoral joint stress at the same running speed. Methods Eighteen male runners ran at 4.0 ± 0.2 m/s in shoes with different heel-to-toe drops,and their kinematic data of the lower extremity and ground reaction force were collected synchronously by an infrared motion capture system and three-dimensional force plates. Then the patellofemoral joint force and stress were calculated using the inverse dynamics and a biomechanical model of patellofemoral joint. Results When running in shoes with 0 mm heel-to-toe drop,the foot inclination angle at initial contact decreased significantly(P=0.008). Meanwhile, the peak patellofemoral joint stress and stress-time integral decreased significantly during the stance phase(P<0.05). Moreover,the knee flexion angle,knee extension moment,quadriceps femoris muscle force,and patellofemoral joint force at the time of the peak patellofemoral joint stress decreased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with running shoes with larger heel-to-drops,wearing shoes with 0 mm heel-to-toe drop reduces the foot inclination angle at initial contact,and the peak patellofemoral joint stress and stress-time integral during stance phase,thus effectively improving the patellofemoral joint loads and reducing the possibility of patellofemoral joint injury.

关 键 词：跟掌落差 足地角 着地方式 髌股关节应力负荷 髌股关节痛 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]