《民法典》将来债权转让的规范基础与解释论构造  

The Legal Basis and Interpretivism of the Assignment of Future Claims

作　　者：赵申豪 Zhao Shenhao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2023年第1期145-155,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金青年项目“将来财产担保的理论范式转型与规则体系构建研究”(22CFX075)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第761条的将来应收账款应当指将来债权,而非会计学上的将来应收账款。将来债权转让分为转让合同与转让行为。转让合同满足《民法典》第143条则有效,可期待性不影响合同效力,但过度转让可能因违反公序良俗而无效。转让行为生效需满足“将来债权可特定”“登记公示”与“转让人有处分权”这三个要件。转让人虽然对于现实债权没有处分权,但对于将来债权具有处分权。基于交易安全之考量,将来债权转让行为的生效时间应采“溯及效果说”,溯及到登记时。转让人破产之时,受让人名义上享有将来债权,实际上享受不到破产保护效果,对此,受让人可以通过行使解除权来保护自身利益。The future accounts receivable should refer to future claims.The assignment of future claims could be divided into the contract of assignment and the assignment.The transfer contract is valid if it meets Article 143 of the Civil Code.Anticipation does not invalidate the contract,but excessive assignment contract is invalid for violation of public order and morality.The validity of the assignment requires"the future claim is specific","the assignment is registered"and"the assignor has the right to dispose".Although the assignor does not have the right to dispose of the actual claim,he has the right to dispose of the future claim.The legal effect of the assignment is retroactive to the time of registration.In the event of the assignor's insolvency,the assignee is nominally entitled to future claims,but in fact cannot enjoy the effects of bankruptcy protection.In this regard,the assignee can protect his own interests by exercising the right of rescission.

关 键 词：将来应收账款 将来债权 债权转让 转让合同 转让行为 破产保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]