叶面喷施钙素对NaHCO3胁迫下油菜幼苗生长及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Foliar Spraying Calcium on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rape Seedlings Under Alkali Stress

作　　者：曹小强 赵江 周博涵 孙鲁鹏 张凤华[1] CAO Xiaoqiang;ZHAO Jiang;ZHOU Bohan;SUN Lupeng;ZHANG Fenghua(College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第1期11-19,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发资助项目(2021YFD1900802-3);兵团科技计划资助项目(2020BC001,2018AA005)。

摘　　要：以“华油杂62(耐盐型)”与“湘油15(敏盐型)”为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究了100 mmol·L-1NaHCO_(3)胁迫下,油菜幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度CaCl_(2)对其生长及生理特性的影响,以期为油菜在盐碱地的栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:叶面喷施1%和0.5%CaCl_(2)“华油杂62”与“湘油15”茎叶鲜质量,较NaHCO_(3)胁迫分别显著增加了117.58%与88.89%。叶面喷施2%CaCl_(2)显著(P<0.05)提高了“华油杂62”叶片潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo),较NaHCO_(3)胁迫提高了35.58%,而“湘油15”在钙浓度为1%时,Fv/Fo的提高最为明显,较NaHCO_(3)胁迫提高了19.60%。叶面喷施0.5%CaCl_(2)显著(P<0.05)提高了“湘油15”茎叶组织中K^(+)/Na^(+),较NaHCO_(3)胁迫增加了58.76%;“华油杂62”叶面喷施1%CaCl_(2),K^(+)/Na^(+)增加最为明显,较NaHCO_(3)胁迫增加了7.12%。叶面喷施0.5%CaCl_(2),显著提高了“湘油15”的叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,较NaHCO_(3)胁迫提高了66.21%,“华油杂62”叶面喷施1%CaCl_(2),SOD活性较NaHCO_(3)胁迫提高了19.36%。综上,叶面喷施适宜浓度CaCl_(2)可以显著促进NaHCO_(3)胁迫下不同耐盐性油菜幼苗的生长,提高其抗逆性,适宜的CaCl_(2)浓度范围为0.5%~1%。A pot experiment was conducted with ‘Huayouza 62(salt-tolerant)’ and ‘Xiangyou 15(salt-sensitive)’ as the test material.The effects of folior spraying CaCl_(2)with different concentrations on the growth and physiological characteristics of rape seedlings under 100 mmol·L-1NaHCO_(3)stress were investigated, in order to provide reference for rape cultivation in saline-alkali land.The results showed that when the calcium concentration was 1.0% and 0.5%,the corresponding fresh weight of stems and leaves of ‘Huayouza 62’ and ‘Xiangyou 15’ were increased significantly(P<0.05),which were 117.58% and 88.89% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When the calcium concentration was 2.0%,the potential photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fo) of leaves of ‘Huayouza 62’ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was increased by 35.58% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When the calcium concentration was 1.0%,the Fv/Fo of ‘Xiangyou 15’ was increased most obviously, which was increased by 19.60% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When calcium concentration was 0.5%,K^(+)/Na^(+)in stems and leaves tissues of ‘Xiangyou 15’ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was increased by 58.76% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When calcium concentration was 1.0%,K^(+)/Na^(+)of ‘Huayouza 62’ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was increased by 7.12% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When the calcium concentration was 0.5%,the SOD activity in leaves of ‘Xiangyou 15’ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was increased by 66.21% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.When the calcium concentration was 1.0%,the SOD activity in leaves of ‘Huayouza 62’ was significantly increased(P<0.05),which was increased by 19.36% compared with NaHCO_(3)stress.In conclusion, the suitable concentration of CaCl_(2)was sprayed on the leaves, it could significantly promote the growth of different salt-tolerant rape seedlings under NaHCO_(3)stress, and improve their stress resistance.The appropriate CaCl_(2)concentration range was 0.5%-1.0%.

关 键 词：NAHCO3胁迫 油菜幼苗 外源CaCl_(2) 生理特性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]