三峡水库消落带植被现状、适生策略及生态修复研究进展  

Research progress of vegetation status, adaptive strategies and ecological restoration in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：窦文清 贾伟涛 张久红 易雪梅[2,3] 温兆飞[2,3] 吴胜军[2,3] 马茂华[2,3] DOU Wen-qing;JIA Wei-tao;ZHANG Jiu-hong;YI Xue-mei;WEN Zhao-fei;WU Sheng-jun;MA Mao-hua(Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China;Key Laboratory of Reservoir Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400714,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学,重庆400074 [2]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆400714 [3]中国科学院水库水环境重点实验室,重庆400714

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第1期208-218,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：重庆市科学技术委员会项目(E039620201);重庆市水利局项目(E139621101)资助。

摘　　要：三峡水库消落带是由于周期性水位涨落在长江干支流形成的大面积“冬水夏陆”区域,周期性的水淹胁迫导致消落带植被群落发生剧烈变化,对三峡大坝的正常运行和库区生态安全造成严重影响。研究三峡库区消落带植物适应水淹的机制,对库区消落带植被群落恢复和保护具有重要意义。文章通过对比蓄水前后消落带的植被群落变化,总结了库区一年生和多年生植物耐水淹机制。一年生草本植物主要依靠种子休眠的方式来度过漫长的水淹期,而多年生草本植物则可能采取“静止”策略,减缓能量消耗,待水退后迅速恢复生长。此外,对于高高程区域的多年生木本植物,在不完全水淹的情况下,可能通过产生大量不定根缓解根部缺氧胁迫,降低水淹胁迫的伤害。最后,文章总结了消落带植被恢复的现状,并针对现有的问题探讨了重建消落带植被群落的可能途径,以期为三峡水库消落带植被生态修复提供参考。Water-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir is a large area of “winter water and summer land” formed by the periodic submergence in the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River. Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to flooding is important for restoration and protection of plant community in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Here, we compare vegetation community changes before and after water fluctuation and summarized the mechanism of annual and perennial plants resisting submergence stress. Annual plants mainly rely on seed dormancy when they are exposed to submergence stress for a long time, while perennial plants may take the “static” strategy to reduce energy consumption and recover rapidly when water falls back. For perennial woody plants in the high altitude, a large number of adventitious roots emerge to alleviate root damage induced by the hypoxia stress in the case of semi-flooding. The research progress of vegetation restoration was summarized and the possible ways to reconstruct plant community of water-level fluctuation zone were discussed according to existing problems, which can provide reference for ecological restoration of vegetation in water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir.

关 键 词：三峡库区 消落带 耐淹植物 耐淹机制 植被恢复 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]