中国自然资源督察体系完善的规范路径  

On the normative path of perfecting natural resources supervision system in China

作　　者：姜闻远 陈海嵩[1] JIANG Wen-yuan;CHEN Hai-song(Research Institute of Environmental Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学环境法研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2022年第12期3073-3087,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20AFX023)。

摘　　要：建立自然资源督察制度是中国生态文明体制改革的重要举措,然而这一制度在运行中面临督察力量分散、与生态环境保护督察存在重叠、督察问责成效受限等现实困境。研究表明:资源与生态领域相关部门职责不清、不同资源管理模式的内在矛盾和督察规范依据的缺失,共同导致了上述困境。从健全督察机制的角度看,不仅需要整合分散的督察队伍,还应构建“中央—省”两级督察体系;从督察职责界定的角度看,应基于主管部门承担的“执行—监督”职责,由自然资源督察承担自然资源、空间规划及用途管制的督察职责;从督察法治化的角度看,需要制定《自然资源督察工作规定》并引入党政同督机制,为督察各环节提供规范依据,提升督察问责的层级和威慑效力。The establishment of the natural resources supervision system is an important measure for the reform of China’s ecological civilization system;however, this system is facing such practical difficulties as the decentralization of supervision, the overlap with the ecological environmental protection supervision system, and the limitation of the effectiveness of the supervision accountability. This paper holds that the unclear responsibilities of the departments in the field of resources and ecology, the inherent conflicts of different resource management models and the lack of the basis for supervision and regulation all contribute to the abovementioned predicament. From the point of view of perfecting the supervisory mechanism, it is necessary not only to integrate the decentralized supervisory teams, but also to construct a central and provincial-level government supervisory system. The natural resources supervision shall be responsible for the control of natural resources, spacial planning and use, consistent with the "execution-supervision" responsibility assumed by the competent department. From the perspective of supervision by the rule of law, it is necessary to formulate the "Regulations on Natural Resources Supervision" and introduce the mechanism of co-supervision towards party and government, so as to provide normative bases for all aspects of supervision, and enhance the level of supervision accountability and deterrent effect.

关 键 词：自然资源 生态保护 督察 职权配置 权力分工 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济] D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D630.9[政治法律—法学]