扎布耶盐湖太阳池中富锂混盐的矿物学与地球化学特征及意义  

The Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Lithium-rich Mixed Salt in the Solar Pond of Zabuye Salt Lake

作　　者：张振维 余石勇 赵元艺[1] 郑绵平[1] 何志奎 ZHANG Zhen-wei;YU Shi-yong;ZHAO Yuan-yi;ZHENG Mian-ping;HE Zhi-kui(Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing,100037,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing,100083,China;Tibet Shigatse Zabuye Lithium Industry High-tech Co.,Ltd.,Shigatse,857000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]西藏日喀则扎布耶锂业高科技有限公司,西藏日喀则857000

出　　处：《盐湖研究》2023年第1期39-51,共13页Journal of Salt Lake Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“西藏扎布耶锂矿集区成矿机制与规律”(91962219);第二次青藏高原综合考察研究专题“青藏高原盐湖铷、铯资源现状与远景评估”(2022QZKK020J)。

摘　　要：扎布耶盐湖是全球唯一自然结晶扎布耶石(Li2CO3)的盐湖,该盐湖正在开发利用中,2021年产富锂混盐7790 t。实验所采取的样品是通过“盐梯度太阳池”技术结晶出来的10件富锂混盐,通过对采集的样品进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子质谱法、离子色谱法和滴定法的测试,得到了矿物组成的成分和化学元素组成含量数据。扎布耶盐湖太阳池富锂混盐中的物相组成有扎布耶石、钾石盐、石盐、氯碳钠镁石、天然碱、钾芒硝、菱锰矿、石英这8种,其中菱锰矿是首次从富锂混盐中发现的矿物,扎布耶石的平均含量为62.89%,是富锂混盐中含量最高的矿物,Li+的平均含量为11.90%;K+的平均含量为2.42%;KCl的平均含量为4.63%(工业品位1%),具有巨大的利用价值。扎布耶盐湖二期工程预计年产20000 t碳酸锂,其中利用膜法生产12000 t,利用太阳池技术生产8000 t;预计年产出12700 t的富锂混盐,产出约600 t氯化钾,建议进行综合利用。Zabuye Salt Lake is the world’s most unique salt lake with natural precipitation of Zabuyelite(Li2CO3).The salt lake is developed,and produced 7790 tons of lithium-rich mixed salts in 2021.The samples used in the experiment are 10 lithium-rich mixed salts which crystallized through the“salt gradient solar pond”technology.Through diffraction of X-rays,scanning electron microscope,inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ion chromatography and titration tests on the collected samples,the mineral assemblages and chemical compositions content data were obtained.The mineral assemblages of lithium-rich mixed salts include zabuyelite,sylvite,halite,northupite,trona,glaserite,rhodochrosite,and quartz.Among them,rhodochrosite is the first time being found from lithium-rich mixed salts.The average content of Zabuyelite is 62.89%,which is the highest mineral content in the lithium-rich mixed salts.The average content of Li+is 11.90%;the average content of K+is 2.42%;the average content of KCl is 4.63%(industrial grade 1%)with high utilization value.The second phase of the Zabuye Salt Lake project is expected to produce 20,000 tons of lithium carbonate yearly,of which 12000 tons are produced by membrane method;8000 tons are produced by solar pond technology,and the annual output is expected to be 12700 tons of lithium-rich mixed salts,which can produce about 600 tons of potassium chloride,which is beneficial to comprehensive utilization.

关 键 词：扎布耶盐湖 碳酸锂 盐梯度太阳池技术 混盐组构特征 综合利用 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学]