19世纪后期英国海港口岸的卫生防疫——以输入性霍乱病例防控为中心  

Health and Epidemic Prevention in British Seaports and Ports in the Late 19th Century Based on the Prevention and Control of Imported Cholera Cases

作　　者：元鹏成 YUAN Pengcheng(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2023年第1期58-65,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：自19世纪30年代起,霍乱在欧洲出现大流行。通过海港口岸,霍乱传入英国后,造成社会恐慌,并威胁到英国国民健康。为应对霍乱的一再侵袭,19世纪后期英国政府将公共卫生体系扩展至港口区域,并以此为基础建立起一个行之有效的口岸防疫体系。通过港口卫生治理、强化防疫预警机制和加强卫生检疫及监测,英国港口和内陆、中央与地方密切合作,不仅有效地遏制了霍乱病例的输入、消除了霍乱疫情进一步蔓延的环境条件,更是打造出一个更加广泛、更加流动的卫生区,使得港口区域的贸易和航运得以有序进行,促进了社会经济的平稳发展。Since the 1830s, there has been a pandemic of cholera in Europe. After cholera was introduced to Britain through the British seaports, it caused social panic and threatened the health of British people. In response to the repeated attacks of cholera, the British government extended the public health system to the port area in the late 19th century, and established an effective port epidemic prevention system based on this. Through the port sanitation management, the strengthening of epidemic prevention and early warning mechanisms, and the strengthening of sanitation and quarantine and monitoring, close cooperation was carried out in British ports and inland areas by the central and local governments, which not only effectively curbed the import of cholera cases and eliminated the environmental conditions for the further spread of cholera, but also created a more extensive and more mobile sanitary area, so that trade and shipping in the port area could be carried out in an orderly manner, promoting the stable development of the social economy.

关 键 词：霍乱 口岸防疫 海港检疫 公共卫生 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R254.7[医药卫生—中医内科学]