高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)及对其种群的人工控制对高寒草原鸟类群落结构的影响  

The Effects of Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) Presence and Population Control on the Structure of an Alpine Grassland Bird Community

作　　者：JOSEPH P.LAMBERT JOHANNA V.HARTMANN 时坤[1,4] PHILIP RIORDAN Joseph P.LAMBERT;Johanna V.HARTMANN;SHI Kun;Philip RIORDAN(Wildlife Institute,School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Biological Sciences,University of Southampton,Southampton SO171BJ,UK;Marwell Wildlife,Winchester,Hampshire SO211JH,UK;Eco-Bridge Continental,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院野生动物研究所,北京100083 [2]南安普顿大学生物学院,英国南安普顿SO171BJ [3]Marwell Wildlife,英国温切斯特罕布什尔SO211JH [4]陆桥生态中心,北京100083

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第1期46-56,共11页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31470567)。

摘　　要：中国的青藏高原地区是鸟类保护的重要区域,也是许多特有种和濒危物种赖以繁衍、栖息的家园。在全球范围内,群居穴居哺乳动物的存在对生活在干旱草原生态系统中的鸟类的种群结构都有着至关重要的影响。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)便是其中的代表物种之一,其集群筑巢的行为为青藏高原地区的许多鸟类提供了丰富的生存资源。然而,鼠兔被当地牧民视作有害物种,并被列为人工灭杀的目标物种之一,鼠兔种群的急剧下降可能对当地鸟类群落造成显著影响。本研究在甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区开展了鸟类群落调查,旨在研究鸟类群落结构的差异与鼠兔洞穴群存在与否的关系。为此,本研究将调查点按照鼠兔洞穴的有(群落中)无(群落外),以及鼠兔群落是否已被灭杀进行分类。综合运用非度量多维标定法(NMDS)、置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA),以及秩和检验(Wilcoxon rank-sum tests)进行分析,结果显示,分布在鼠兔群落已被灭杀和未被灭杀的调查点的鸟类群落在结构上不存在显著差异。另一方面,本研究在“群落中”和“群落外”观测到的鸟类群落结构则存在显著的差异,且此差异具有统计学意义。在有鼠兔集群的调查点中观测到了10个物种,而只有角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)被持续观测到出现在“群落外”。有6个物种在“群落中”的物种多度显著高于“群落外”。虽然本研究结果无法证实盐池湾地区开展的鼠兔种群控制行动直接改变了当地鸟类群落的结构,但鼠兔群落的存在无疑为鸟类提供了不可或缺的生存资源。China’s Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is an important area for bird conservation,with many endemic and Threatened species.Colonial burrowing mammals play an important role in structuring bird communities in arid grasslands around the world.On the QTP,the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae builds colonies which provide a dense source of resources for many bird species.However,pikas are regarded as a pest by local pastoralists,and they are the target of a population reduction campaign which could have a significant impact on the bird communities.We surveyed bird communities at Gansu Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve to investigate the differences in community structure between sites with pika colonies (on colony) and sites without them (off colony),and between pika colonies which had been poisoned and those which had not.Using non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) combined with permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests,we found that there was no significant difference in bird community composition or abundance between the poisoned and untreated colonies.However,there was a very large and statistically significant difference in bird community structures between on-and off-colony sites.Only horned lark Eremophila alpestris was consistently observed at sites without pika colonies,while ten bird species were observed on colonies.Six species were significantly more abundant on colony than off.While we could not claim that the poisoning campaign at Yanchiwan is altering bird communities,the presence of pika colonies seems to be an indispensable resource for the resident birds.

关 键 词：鸟类 群落生态学 生态系统工程师 高原鼠兔 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]