川东北高含硫天然气采输全流程中水合物生成及抑制研究进展  

Research Progress of Formation and Prevention of Hydrates during Whole Production and Transportation Process of High-Sulfur Natural Gas in Northeast Sichuan

作　　者：青春[1] 汪洋[1] 任阳[1] 李延霞 李杨 邵子越 申小冬 Qing Chun;Wang Yang;Ren Yang;Li Yanxia;Li Yang;Shao Ziyue;Shen Xiaodong(Northeast Sichuan Gas Mine,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Dazhou Sichuan 635000;State Key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu Sichuan 610059)

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田分公司川东北气矿,四川达州635000 [2]油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室·成都理工大学,四川成都610059

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第11期49-57,共9页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“改性多糖对深水钻井液中水合物稳定性的传质调控机理研究”(编号:42002308);中国科学院天然气水合物重点实验室开放基金“Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型气体水合物差异化动力学抑制机理研究”(编号:E029kf1201)。

摘　　要：川东北高含硫气藏在开采、生产和集输过程中,极易形成天然气水合物,严重制约了高含硫气井的安全高效开发。水合物的形成需要满足一定的热力学和动力学条件,实际生产中,天然气组分、温度、压力及地层水矿化度等都会对水合物形成的相平衡条件产生影响,其中硫化氢含量的影响最为显著,低温高压和高硫化氢含量是水合物生成的重要原因。高含硫天然气一旦生成水合物,水合物颗粒会快速运移和聚集,极易在井筒、井口、场站、集输管线节流部位形成冰堵。自由水、硫化氢含量、节流效应、温度、压力及残余物等都会对水合物堵塞造成影响,其中自由水是形成高含硫天然气水合物堵塞的关键因素。高含硫天然气水合物防治措施主要分为热力学防治和动力学防治,破除水合物生成的热力学条件是水合物防治的关键,开发高效水合物动力学抑制剂是水合物防治的热门思路。During the exploitation,production,and gathering of high-sulfur gas reservoirs in Northeast Sichuan,natural gas hydrates are easily formed,which seriously restricts the safe and efficient development of the high-sulfur gas wells.The formation of the hydrates needs to meet certain thermodynamic and kinetic condi-tions.In actual production,natural gas components,temperature,pressure and salinity of formation water will all affect the phase equilibrium conditions of the hydrates formation,among them,hydrogen sulfide content has the greatest influence,and low temperature,high pressure and high hydrogen sulfide content are the important reasons for the formation of hydrates.Once the hydrates generated from the high-sulfur natural gas,the hydrate particles will migrate and accumulate rapidly,and it is easy to form ice blockages in wellbores,wellheads,stations and choke points of gathering and transportation pipelines.Free water,hydrogen sulfide content,throttling effect,temperature,pressure,and residues will all affect hydrate plugging,among them,the free water is the key factor for the hydrate plugging of high-sulfur natural gas.The prevention of the high-sulfur natural gas hydrates is mainly on the thermodynamic and kinetic.Breaking the thermodynamic conditions for the hydrate formation is the key of the hydrate prevention,and developing efficient hydrate kinetic inhibitors is a popular idea for the hydrate prevention.

关 键 词：高含硫气藏 天然气水合物 相平衡条件 硫化氢含量 冰堵 自由水 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]