锂离子电池储能系统安全技术发展现状  

Development Status of Safety Technologies of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage System

作　　者：邓啟熙 Deng Qixi(Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou Guangdong 510630)

机构地区：[1]广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东广州510630

出　　处：《中外能源》2022年第11期93-99,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：我国正大力推动建设以新能源为主体的新型电力系统,作为支撑可再生能源普及的关键技术,储能产业得以高速发展,锂离子电池储能市场也进入加速发展期。然而,在高速发展的同时,近年来国内外发生的多起储能系统火灾事故,也引发了大众对锂电池储能系统安全的关注。锂离子电池储能系统运行的主要风险分为起火爆炸风险、有毒有害化学物泄漏风险和电击风险,其中起火爆炸是锂离子电池储能系统的主要风险,主要致因则是电池的热失控。防范电池的热失控问题,应从电池安全、储能系统、运行维护和事故后消防等几方面提升安全防控技术。从生命周期看,锂离子储能系统的关键安全技术包括电池单体安全、箱体热管理、主动预警监测、被动监控预警、高效消防手段等。鉴于锂离子电化学储能系统的安全运行和安全隐患正逐渐成为制约产业规模化发展的瓶颈,建议有关部门要完善政策体系,提高产业规划科学性,进一步健全新型储能安全生产法律法规;加快标准体系构建,建立储能系统建设及运维的指引标准,指导储能系统安全体系建立;强化消防安全技术攻关,加快关键部件转化应用。China is promoting the construction of a new power system based on new energy.As a key technology supporting the popularization of renewable energy,the energy storage industry has developed rapidly,and the lithium-ion battery energy storage market has entered an accelerated development period.However,in recent years,a number of fire accidents of energy storage systems at home and abroad have aroused the public′s attention to the safety of lithium-ion battery energy storage system.The risks during the operation of lithium-ion battery energy storage system can be divided into fire and explosion,leakage of toxic and harmful chemicals and electric shock,and fire and explosion is the main risk of lithium-ion battery energy storage system,which is caused by the thermal runaway of battery.To prevent the thermal runaway of battery,the safety prevention and control technologies should be improved from several aspects such as battery safety,energy storage system,operation and maintenance,and post-accident firefighting.From the perspective of life cycle,the key safety technologies for lithium-ion energy storage system include battery cell safety,box thermal management,active early warning monitoring,passive monitoring early warning and efficient fire protection methods.Given that the safe operation and safety hazards of lithium-ion electrochemical energy storage systems are gradually becoming the bottlenecks that restrict the scale development of the industry,it is suggested that the departments concerned should improve the policy system and improve the scientificity of industrial planning to further improve the laws and regulations on safety production of new energy storage,accelerate the construction of relevant standard systems and establish guidelines for the construction,operation and maintenance of energy storage systems to guide the establishment of safety system for energy storage system,and strengthen the scientific research on fire safety technologies and accelerate the transformation and application of key comp

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电化学储能 起火爆炸 电池热失控 消防安全技术 标准构建 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]