酌情介词“鉴于”的句法语义与话语情态  

On Syntax Semantic and Discourse Modality of Discretion Preposition of“Jianyu”

作　　者：杨娟 赵春利[1] YANG Juan;ZHAO Chun-li(School of Chinese and Literature,Jinan University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《汉语学习》2022年第6期11-22,共12页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“现代汉语方式副词的句法语义与分类排序研究”(项目编号:22BYY135);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(项目编号:19JNLH04);广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019);国家社科基金重大项目“境外汉语语法学史及数据库建设”(项目编号:16ZDA209)的资助。

摘　　要：本文以语义语法为理论指导,按照从逻辑到句法再到语义的递进顺序,逐步提取介词“鉴于”句的话语关联“酌情决策”。首先,基于学界关于“鉴于”的词类性质、语义内涵和成词年代的研究成果,我们认为,单纯根据“鉴于”宾语的句法成分将其归入连词或介词,并不能解决“鉴于”的语法意义问题,更不能提取其话语关联;其次,从逻辑角度提取并验证“鉴于”句的“前因后果”的逻辑关联;第三,从句法上把进入“鉴于”宾语位置的主谓词组、同位词组、定中词组和指称代词统一为具有语义复指关系的定中词组“VP+的+这一NP”;第四,从语义上提取“鉴于”宾语的“指陈事物情势义”及其语义特征:时间的不限性、性质的已知性、模态的严重性;第五,提取并验证主句“决定实施对策”的决策义及其认知的必要性、态度的急切性和情感的无奈性的情态内涵;最后,综合逻辑、句法和语义建构“鉴于”句的话语关联“酌情决策”,并指出不能根据句法分布对虚词词性一分了之,而是通过多样性的句法形式挖掘具有统一性的语义基础。Based on the theory of semantic grammar,this paper studies the“discretion decision”discourse relevance of“jianyu”sentence from the logic to syntactic and to semantics.At first,according to previous researches of part of speech,semantic meaning and age of the word,we propose:we cannot solve the problem of the grammatical meaning of“jianyu”solely according to the classification of conjunctions or prepositions of the syntactic components,let alone extract its discourse relevance.Secondly,logical relation“cause and effect”of“jianyu”are extracted and verified.Thirdly,the subject-predicate phrase,apposition phrase,definite phrase and referential pronoun that situate the object position of“jianyu”can be syntactically the definite phrase“VP+de+zheyi NP”with a semantic relationship.Fourthly,“refer to object circumstances”and semantic characteristics are extracted:unlimited time,known nature and seriousness of the modality.Fifthly,“deciding to implement countermeasures”are extracted and verified,and the necessity of cognition,eagerness of attitude and helplessness of emotion.Finally,the“discretion decision”discourse relevance are constructed from logic,syntax and semantics,and function words cannot be divided according to the syntactic distribution,but to discover the unity behind the diverse syntactic forms.

关 键 词：鉴于 事物情势 语义情态 酌情决策 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]