情态构式“我敢V_(定论)+P_(命题)”的生成与适用  

The Generation and Application of the Modal Construction“wo gan V_(con)+P_(prop)”

作　　者：谢一 田宇贺[1] XIE Yi;TIAN Yu-he(College of Liberal Arts,Nantong University,Nantong Jiangsu 226019)

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《汉语学习》2022年第6期57-68,共12页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目“析义元语言理论与《现代汉语词典》元语言研究”(项目编号:20YJA740038);南通大学人才引进项目“情态意义的多重性质研究”(项目编号:21RW01)支持。

摘　　要：情态构式“我敢V_(定论)+P_(命题)”构式义为发话者对命题真值或事件很有把握。从生成条件上看,自身语义中包含或可衍推[+定论]语义特征的动词方可获得V位置的准入资格,现代汉语中满足该条件的动词可涉及五种语义类共16个。此外,构件“敢”在句法上后接动词的用法,以及在语义上同“把握”义的溯因关系为构式义的表达创造了必要条件。“我敢V_(定论)+P_(命题)”用于定论语境,在交际中带有“断言”或“承诺”的施为性特征,当条件满足时受口语特征驱动也可作“我敢VP”的派生适用。“我敢V_(定论)+P_(命题)”的构式义源自语用含义的固化,依托构件对构式义的主观拆解应成为语用含义语法化为词的固定义项过程中的重要过渡环节。The modal construction“wo gan V_(con)+P_(prop)”,its constructional meaning is:the speaker is sure of the truth value of the proposition or the occurrence of the event,which expressing the epidemic modality.From the perspective of generation conditions,the verbs which including or entailmenting[+conclusion]semantic features in their own lexical meaning can obtain the admittance of V position.In modern Chinese,there are 16 verbs in five semantic categories satisfying this condition.In addition,the use of the component“gan”is followed by a verb in syntax,and the abductive relationship with“be sure of”in semantics also creates necessary conditions for the expression of constructional meaning.“Wo gan V_(con)+P_(prop)”is mainly used in the conclusive context,with the illocutionary characteristics of“Assertions”and“Commissives”in communication.When the conditions are met,driven by the characteristics of spoken language style,it can also be used as the derivation of“wo gan VP”.It is found that the constructional meaning of“wo gan V_(con)+P_(prop)”is derived from the solidification of implicature,and the subjective deconstruction of constructional meaning depending on the components may be an important transitional step in the process of grammaticalization of implicature into lexical meaning.

关 键 词：“我敢V_(定论)+P_(命题)”构式 语用含义 固化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]