四川省甘孜州野生果树资源调查及开发对策  

Investigation and Development Countermeasures of Wild Fruit Trees Resources in Garze Prefecture, Sichuan Province

作　　者：宋思梦 周扬 李勋 张艳 彭彬 段斐 Song Simeng;Zhou Yang;Li Xun;Zhang Yan;Peng Bin;Duan Fei(Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Characteristic Industry Cultivation in Hengduan Mountains Region,Sichuan Minzu College,Kangding 626001,China;Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology,Tibet Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China;Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area,Ministry of Education,Nyingchi 860000,China;National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation and Experiment,Nyingchi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川民族学院横断山区生态修复与特色产业培育研究中心,四川康定626001 [2]西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000 [3]西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室,西藏林芝860000 [4]西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第1期7-16,23,共11页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：四川民族学院自办科研项目(XYZB2104ZB)。

摘　　要：甘孜州是我国长江上游天然物种基因库和世界高山带植物多样性最丰富的地区之一,其野生果树资源构成与分布在国家生态安全格局与川藏滇青经济发展战略中地位突出。为使其得到合理开发与利用,结合实地调查与文献资料对甘孜州野生果树资源组成与区系分布等进行了分析。结果表明:甘孜州野生果树有44科99属547种,占四川省野生果树资源的66.30%,其中裸子植物6科6属9种,被子植物38科93属538种,有蔷薇科、忍冬科、小檗科等10个优势科,栒子属、悬钩子属、茶藨子属等11个优势属。在生活型多样性上,木本植物占绝对优势(517种,94.52%),灌木类居多(342种,62.52%);在果实类型上,分属14类,以浆果(15科25属162种)、梨果(1科12属95种)与核果(9科21属89种)为主。在植物区系上,表现为温带与热带区系成分为主(74.74%)。空间分布不均且零星化,种类在垂直方向以1 300~3 000 m最多,水平方向以东西部高山峡谷区最多。建议加强野生果树保护性开发与驯化,提高综合利用效率,结合高原文化与旅游经济协同发展。Garze Prefecture is the natural species gene pool in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China and one of the regions with the richest plant diversity in the alpine zone in the world. Its composition and distribution of wild fruit trees resources are prominent in the national ecological security pattern and the economic development strategy of Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan and Qinghai. To rationally develop and effectively use the wild fruit trees resources in Garze Prefecture, the composition and floristic distribution of wild fruit trees resources in Garze Prefecture were analyzed based on the systematical investigation and literature data. The results showed that there were 547 species of wild fruit trees belonging to 99genera and 44 families in Garze Prefecture, accounting for 66.30% of the wild fruit trees resources in Sichuan Province. Among them 9 species of gymnosperms belonged to 6 genera, 6 families. 538 species of angiosperms belonged to 93 genera, 38 families. There were 10 dominant families, such as Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Berberidaceae, and 11 dominant genera, such as Cotoneaster, Rubus, Ribes in Garze Prefecture. In terms of life form diversity, woody plants have taken the absolute advantage(517 species, 94.52%), and shrubs were the majority(342 species, 62.52%). There were 14 types of fruits, mainly including berries(15 families, 25 genera and 162 species), pears(1 family, 12 genera and 95 species) and stone fruits(9 families, 21 genera and 89 species). In terms of flora, it was mainly composed of temperate and tropical flora(74.74%). The spatial distribution was extremely uneven and sporadic, with the most species at 1 300 to 3 000 m in the vertical direction and the most in the East and West Alpine Canyon in the horizontal direction. It is suggested to strengthen the protective development and domestication of wild fruit trees in Garze Prefecture, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency, and coordinate the development of plateau culture and tourism economy.

关 键 词：野生果树资源 多样性 分布 保护性开发 甘孜州 

分 类 号：S543.9[农业科学—作物学]