垫料床对育肥羔羊生长性能和臭气排放的影响  

Effect of Litter Bed on Growth Performance and Odor Emission in Fattening Lamb

作　　者：车大璐 赵俐辰 程素彩[2] 刘爱瑜 李晓宇 赵寿培 王健诚 王媛 高玉红[1] 孙新胜[5] CHE DaLu;ZHAO LiChen;CHENG SuCai;LIU AiYu;LI XiaoYu;ZHAO ShouPei;WANG JianCheng;WANG Yuan;GAO YuHong;SUN XinSheng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei;Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Langfang 065000,Hebei;Animal Husbandry Station of Hebei,Shijiazhuang 050035;Hebei Mutton Sheep Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050011;College of Information and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071001 [2]廊坊市农林科学院,河北廊坊065000 [3]河北省畜牧总站,石家庄0500352 [4]河北省羊肉羊产业技术研究院,石家庄050011 [5]河北农业大学信息与技术学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第24期4943-4956,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划(20326612D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系羊产业创新团队建设专项(HBCT2018140205);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2021323);河北省自然科学基金(C2021204128)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对近几年肉羊育肥集中区面临臭气面源污染的难题,探讨垫料床对育肥羔羊生长性能及舍内臭气组分的影响,为育肥羊舍的臭气减排提供技术路径。【方法】选择250只体重相近、年龄一致的健康育肥羔羊,随机分为5组,根据垫料床材料不同,分为对照组(素土地面)、A组(全锯末)、B组(糠醛+锯末)、C组(稻壳+锯末)和D组(玉米芯+锯末),试验期90 d(前期1-45 d;后期46-90 d)。采用GC-MS方法,对不同试验期垫料床上部空间和垫料内部空间的臭气组分进行检测,并分析垫料床对育肥羔羊生长性能的影响。【结果】(1)4个垫料组与对照组比较,羔羊的日增重较对照组分别提高7.7%(A组)、8.7%(B组)、12.1%(C组)和7.8%(D组)(P<0.05),但日采食量和料重比未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05);(2)整个试验期垫料床上部空间和垫料内部空间分别检测出9大类和8大类臭气组分,包括31种挥发性有机物(VOCs)(醇类4种、烷类10种、胺类3种、酚类1种、酯类7种、酮类4种、醛类2种、酸类3种和硫醇类1种)。垫料组与对照组比较,检测出的臭气组分种类基本一致。(3)从臭气组分含量分析,不同试验期不同检测空间均表现为烷类含量占比最高,达52.0%-77.5%,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),而酚类与胺类含量则表现为试验前期和后期4个垫料组2个检测空间显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中C组降低最明显。比较前、后期的臭气含量,垫料床上部空间和内部空间均表现为前期醇类、胺类和酚类含量显著高于后期(P<0.05),但后期酯类含量显著高于前期(P<0.05)。(4)试验期间垫料床上部和内部空间检测出的主要致臭物质均为4种,即,2-乙基己醇、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、苯酚和1H-吲哚-3-硫醇。与对照组比较,各垫料组的4种致臭成分含量均表现出降低趋势,且C组降低最明显(P<0.05)。【结论】4种组合垫料不仅改善了育肥羔羊的生长性能,还减少了空【Objective】 In view of the problem of odor non-point source pollution in fattening area of mutton sheep in recent years,the effects of bedding bed on growth performance of fattening lambs and odor components in the house were discussed, so as to provide technical path for odor emission reduction in fattening sheep house.【Method】Two-hundred fifty healthy fattening lambs with similar weight and age were used and randomly divided into 5 groups according to different bedding materials, which were control group(plain soil), group A(full-sawdust), group B(furfural + sawdust), group C(rice husk + sawdust), and group D(corn cob +sawdust). The trial period was 90 days(d 1-45 in early period;d 46-90 in late period). The odor components in environment above and inside the litter bed were detected by using GC-MS method during different periods, and the effect of litter bed on production performance in fattening lambs was also analyzed. 【Result】(1) Compared with the control group, the four groups with litter bed demonstrated an increase in daily feed intake(P<0.05), which was increased by 7.7 % in group A and 8.7 % in Group B, 12.1 % in Group C, and 7.8 % in Group D. However, the daily gain and ratio of feed to gain exhibited no difference(P>0.05).(2) Nine kinds and eight kinds of odor components were detected throughout test period above litter bed and inside litter bed, respectively, and the components consisted of 31 kinds of volatile organic compounds(VOCs), including 4 alcohols, 10 alkanes, 3 amines, 1 phenol, 7esters, 4 ketones, 2 aldehydes, 3 acids, and 1 thiol. The odor kinds detected in 4 litter groups were basically same as the control group.(3) From content analysis of odor components, the alkane content was the highest with 52.0 %-77.5 % among all odor components,no matter experimental period or detected space;however, no difference was observed among all groups(P>0.05). Also, the content of phenol or amine in litter groups demonstrated a decrease(P<0.05) in two detected spaces in early and late period

关 键 词：垫料 羊 生长性能 臭气 挥发性有机物 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]