1956—1966中国对东南亚体育外交政策审视  

1956—1966 China Sports Foreign Policy Review in Southeast Asian

作　　者：陈刚[1] 殷怀刚[2] CHEN Gang;YIN Huaigang(Sports Culture Research Base,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;School of Wushu and Art,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学体育文化研究基地,南京210093 [2]南京体育学院武术与艺术学院,南京210014

出　　处：《体育与科学》2023年第1期107-113,共7页Sports & Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中外比较视域下特色体育城市建设路径研究”,项目号:17BTY041。

摘　　要：研究聚焦“文革”前十年这一特定的历史时期,以中国体育外交政策为对象,着力发掘和运用新史料,运用文献资料法进行甄别、总结和归纳。冷战中的国际体育外交显得非常活跃,成为各方表达政治态度的工具,实践中,中国也确立了自己的体育外交政策和方略。在西方“两个中国”政治讹诈下,中国果断地退出国际奥委会和相关的国际体育单项组织。为了拓展国际生存空间和得到“国家”承认,中国以东南亚为突破口,展开卓有成效的体育外交实践,中国和印度尼西亚合作,成功地主导了第四届亚运会,打破了西方以及印度对东南亚地区的控制企图,为1963年新兴力量运动会的举办创造了条件。新兴力量运动会给主流国际视野之外的国家提供了展示和投射自己的机会。东南亚外交战略的实现,是中国体育外交的胜利,是对外体育政策的胜利。挑战意识逐步的淡化、参与意识的增强,成为1956—1966年中国对东南亚体育外交政策演变基调。应对当前复杂国际局势,中国的体育外交政策要保持战略定力,在尊重的基础上,进一步增进中国与周边国家的“互利、互动”,充分利用“体育”这一载体,提升国际影响力,改善自身形象,在国际事务中提出中国的解决之道。Focusing on the specific historical period of the first ten years of the“Cultural Revolution”,the study focused on China’s sports foreign policy,focused on exploring and using new historical materials,and used the method of literature to identify,summarize and summarize.In the Cold War,international sports diplomacy was very active and became a tool for all parties to express their political attitudes.In practice,China also established its own sports foreign policy and strategy.Under the political blackmail of“Two-China policy”in the West,China resolutely withdrew from the IOC and relevant international sports organizations.In order to expand the international living space and gain the recognition of the“country”,China took Southeast Asia as a breakthrough,carried out effective sports diplomacy practices,and cooperated with Indonesia to successfully lead the Fourth Asian Games,breaking the control attempt of the West and India over Southeast Asia,creating conditions for the holding of the 1963 Games of the New Emerging Forces(GANEFO).GANEFO provide an opportunity for countries outside the mainstream international vision to show and project themselves.The realization of Southeast Asia’s diplomatic strategy is the victory of China’s sports diplomacy and foreign sports policy.The gradual weakening of the sense of challenge and the enhancement of the sense of participation became the keynote of the evolution of China’s sports foreign policy in Southeast Asia from 1956 to 1966.In response to the current complex international situation,China’s sports foreign policy should maintain strategic resolve,further enhance the“mutual benefit and interaction”between China and its neighboring countries on the basis of respect,make full use of the carrier of“sports”,enhance international influence,improve its own image,and propose China’s solutions in international affairs.

关 键 词：“文革” 体育外交 东南亚 新兴力量运动会 中国方案 

分 类 号：G811.7[文化科学—体育学]