作物从头驯化策略的提出与进展  

Innovation and Progresses in de novo Domestication of Crops

作　　者：张静昆 李文佳 曾鹏 孟祥兵[1] 余泓[1,2] 李家洋 ZHANG Jingkun;LI Wenjia;ZENG Peng;MENG Xiangbing;YU Hong;LI Jiayang(Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,Hainan Sanya 572025,China;Sanya Nanfan Research Institute,Hainan University,Hainan Sanya 572024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]海南省崖州湾种子实验室,海南三亚572025 [4]海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第12期68-77,共10页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31788103,32122064);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24030504);中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划项目(YSBR-078);重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101800)。

摘　　要：过去一个世纪,育种理论与技术体系快速发展,杂种优势利用、杂交育种、诱变育种、分子标记辅助育种、转基因育种、基因组编辑育种、分子设计育种等育种策略先后涌现,对保障世界粮食安全作出重要贡献。近年来,现代生物技术的发展催生出了一种全新的种质创新策略,即从头驯化策略。综述了从头驯化策略的发展、技术路线及野生资源基础、驯化机制解析、底层生物技术以及政策保障,分析了从头驯化策略可能面临的挑战,并展望其在作物育种上的应用前景。未来,从头驯化将有望引领种质创新,为应对新时期农业挑战提供新的解决方案。In the past century,the breeding theories and systems have been greatly developed,and series of new breeding strategies have gradually emerged,such as heterosis utilization,hybrid breeding,mutagenesis breeding,molecular marker-assisted breeding,transgenic breeding,genome editing breeding,molecular design breeding etc.making critical contributions to world food security.Recently,along with the development of biotechnologies,a new breeding strategy termed de novo domestication has been proposed and demonstrated to create new crops.Here,this paper reviewed the emergence of de novo domestication and its roadmap,the germplasm basis,the genetic basis and the fundamental biotechnologies and related policy of de novo domestication.Furthermore,it also discussed presumable challenges and applications of de novo domestication in crop breeding.In future,de novo domestication may provide a new practical way for germplasm innovation and achieve novel breeding goals to face upcoming agriculture challenges.

关 键 词：从头驯化 种质创新 作物育种 粮食安全 

分 类 号：S336[农业科学—作物遗传育种]