对虾养殖池塘微囊藻毒素厌氧降解菌群的选择富集及群落结构特征分析  

Selection and Enrichment of Degrading Microcystins Anaerobic Microbiota in Shrimp Culture Pond and Analysis of Its Community Structure Characteristics

作　　者：张玮锋 王鑫宇 戴伟 毕相东 秦庚华 吴疆 李亚宁 ZHANG Weifeng;WANG Xinyu;DAI Wei;BI Xiangdong;QIN Genghua;WU Jiang;LI Yaning(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,College of Fishery,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China;Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University Binhai College,Tianjin 300270,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300392 [2]南开大学滨海学院环境科学与工程系,天津300270

出　　处：《经济动物学报》2022年第4期319-325,共7页Journal of Economic Animal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172978);甘肃省科技计划项目民生科技专项(21CX6NP223);天津市教委科研计划项目(2018KJ270)。

摘　　要：微囊藻毒素(Microcystins, MCs)可造成对虾肝胰腺损伤,引发急性肝胰腺坏死等疾病,威胁水产品质量安全。底泥微生物厌氧降解在削减对虾养殖池塘MCs危害中发挥着重要作用。试验以MCs为唯一碳氮源,对初筛获得的对虾养殖池塘底泥中MCs厌氧降解菌群进行连续3次选择富集,并采用HPLC技术检测培养液中MCs含量变化,同时利用高通量测序结合生物信息学方法分析MCs厌氧降解过程中菌群结构特征变化。结果表明:3次选择富集,MCs降解率分别为91.2%,92.4%和94.6%,分离筛选出的MCs厌氧降解菌群以变形菌门为主,γ-变形菌纲假单胞菌属为MCs降解优势菌属。Microcystins(MCs) can damage the hepatopancreas of Penaeus orientalis, resulting in illnesses such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis etc., and threatening the quality and safety of aquatic products, while the anaerobic degradation of sediment microorganisms plays an important role in reducing the harm of MCs in Penaeus orientalis breeding ponds. In this study, taking the MCs as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, the anaerobic degradome of MCs obtained by primary screening in the sediment of Penaeus orientalis breeding pond was selected for three consecutive times of enrichment, and HPLC technology was employed to detect the change of MCs content in the nutrient solution, while high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatics was used to analyze the structural characteristics of the anaerobic degradation of MCs. The results showed that the degradation rates of MCs were 91.2%, 92.4% and 94.6%, respectively after three times of enrichment. The separated and screened MCs were mainly proteobacteria, and pseudomonas γ-proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria for MCs.

关 键 词：对虾 微囊藻毒素 厌氧降解菌群 群落结构特征 养殖池塘 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]