2021年天津近岸海域鱼类群落结构特征与环境因子的关系  

Relationship between Fish Community Structure Characteristics and Environmental Factors in Coastal Area of Tianjin in 2021

作　　者：梁鹏飞 张树林 张达娟 王泽斌 李琦 戴伟 毕相东 LIANG Pengfei;ZHANG Shulin;ZHANG Dajuan;WANG Zebin;LI Qi;DAI Wei;BI Xiangdong(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,College of Fishery,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300392

出　　处：《经济动物学报》2022年第4期326-334,共9页Journal of Economic Animal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172978);天津市淡水养殖产业技术体系创新团队-养殖水环境调控岗位(ITTFRS2021000-009);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020ZD06,2021KJ110);天津市高等学校创新团队基金项目“天津市现代水产生态健康养殖创新团队”(TD13-5089);天津市科技计划项目(22ZYCGSN00260);甘肃省科技计划项目民生科技专项(21CX6NP223)。

摘　　要：为探究天津近海海域鱼类群落结构与环境因子之间的关系,利用多样性指数、多元统计分析和冗余分析等对天津近岸海域2021年7—11月鱼类底拖网结果进行鱼类群落结构组成、时空分布与环境因子之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:调查期间共捕获鱼类27种,属于7目16科25属,生态类型以暖温性、大陆架浅水底层鱼类为主,优势种主要以小型鱼类为主,包括矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaetueichthys stigmatias)、花鲈(Lateolabrar japonicus)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、青鳞小沙丁(Sardinella zunasi)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaetueichthys hexanema)。鱼类平均丰度和生物量分别为599.35尾/(网·h)和6.13 kg/(网·h),丰度和生物量均在9月最高,11月最低。鱼类生物量和丰度的分布存在空间异质性,北部各站位鱼类丰度明显高于南部,而生物量分布恰好相反。鱼类群落结构多样性指数H′的月间变化为1.68~2.27,9月最高。聚类分析表明,在80%相似性水平上,鱼类群落可分为A、B 2组,其中矛尾虾虎鱼、青鳞小沙丁鱼、花鲈和短吻红舌鳎在组间相异性的贡献率最高。RDA分析表明,温度变化是构成鱼类群落结构变化的重要因素。In order to explore the relationship between fish community structure and environmental factors in the coastal waters of Tianjin, the multivariate statistical analysis and redundancy analysis, the fish community structure composition, spatial and temporal distribution and the relationship with environmental factors were analyzed by the methods of diversity index analysis in the bottom trawl results of fish resources in Tianjin coastal area from July to November 2021. The results showed that a total 27 species of fish were captured during the survey period, which belonging to 7 orders, 16 families and 25 genera. And their ecological type was dominated by warm temperate and shallow bottom fish on the continental shelf. The dominant species were mainly small fish, including Chaetueichthys stigmatias, Lateolabrar japonicus, Cynoglossus joyneri, Sardinella zunasi, Clupanodon punctatus, and Chaetueichthys hexanema. The average abundance and biomass of investigated fish were 599.35 ind/(net·h) and 6.13 kg/(net·h) respectively. The abundance and biomass were highest in September and lowest in November. There was spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of fish biomass and abundance, and the abundance of the northern stations was significantly higher than that of the southern stations, while the biomass distribution was opposite. The diversity index H′ of fish community structure varied from 1.68 to 2.27, with the highest value in September. The cluster analysis showed that the fish community was divided into two groups A and B at 80% similarity level, among which the contribution rates of Chaetueichthys stigmatias, Sardinella zunasi, Lateolabrar japonicus and Cynoglossus joyneri in the intergroup dissimilarity were highest RDA analysis indicated that temperature change was an important factor in the change of community structure.

关 键 词：近岸海域 鱼类 群落结构 环境因子 天津 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]