老工业城市批发企业空间格局演化及形成机理——以兰州市为例  

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Wholesale Enterprises in Old Industrial City:A Case of Lanzhou City

作　　者：赵学伟 张志斌[1] 冯斌[1] 公维民 陈龙 马晓敏 郭燕 ZHAO Xuewei;ZHANG Zhibin;FENG Bin;GONG Weimin;CHEN Long;MA Xiaomin;GUO Yan(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Geography and Environment,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《经济地理》2022年第12期92-103,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41961029)。

摘　　要：文章以老工业城市——兰州市为典型案例,基于微观批发企业数据,运用探索性空间分析方法和DBSCAN聚类算法分析了1978、1990、2000、2010以及2020年兰州市批发企业空间集聚特征与格局演变规律,并使用MGWR模型探究了批发企业区位选择的影响因素,进而探讨转型背景下老工业城市批发企业格局演变机理。结果表明:(1)兰州市批发企业由双组团集中型逐渐向多组团分散型空间结构演变,且集群格局的微观演化与城市空间重构的宏观过程基本一致。(2)批发企业呈现出“圈层式沿交通干道寄生状跳跃外迁”的演变特征,且热点区域演变与批发行业内部功能重组过程持续互动并呈现差异化区位指向。(3)批发企业的空间集聚与地形起伏、工业用地基准地价、产业历史基础、综合批发市场、火车运输/出行、高速运输/出行、开发区7项解释变量全局显著相关,而老工业区、百强批发企业基础、科研机构服务、便利商超服务、休闲娱乐服务5项解释变量则表现为局部显著相关。值得注意的是,各影响因素存在明显的空间异质性和尺度差异性特征。(4)老工业城市批发企业的区位演化是在集聚吸引力、扩散推动力以及不确定突变力“三力”的共同驱动下,由于企业自身规模扩张、创新驱动等内部需求而主动迁移,土地成本、环境规制等外部压力而被动迁移,以及通过政府政策引导性外迁,形成了多尺度空间效应和多元化区位过程。Based on the data of wholesale enterprises of Lanzhou City in 1978,1990,2000,2010 and 2020,and using the exploratory spatial analysis, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm and the MGWR model, this paper analyzes the spatial clustering characteristics and pattern evolution of wholesale enterprises,and explores the factors influencing the location choice of wholesale enterprises. Based on the above,it explores the evolution mechanism of the wholesale enterprise in old industrial cities in the context of transformation. The study finds that: 1) The spatial structure of wholesale enterprises in Lanzhou has gradually evolved from the double-cluster concentration type to the multi-group decentralised type, and the micro-evolution of the agglomeration pattern is basically consistent with the macro-process of urban spatial reconfiguration. 2) The wholesale enterprises show the evolution characteristics of "circling and traffic-oriented with leaptype distribution". The evolution of hot spots interacts with the internal function reorganization process of wholesale industry, both of them show differentiated location-orientation. 3) The spatial agglomeration of wholesale enterprises is significantly correlated with seven explanatory variables: topography, benchmark land value of industrial land, historical base of industry, comprehensive wholesale market, train transportation/travel, high-speed transportation/travel, and development zone. Old industrial zone, top 100 wholesale enterprise base, research institution service, convenient superstore service,and leisure and entertainment service show significant local correlation with the spatial agglomeration of wholesale enterprises. It is worth noting that there is significant spatial heterogeneity and scale variability in the influencing factors. 4) The locationl evolution of wholesale enterprises in old industrial cities is driven by the "three forces" which are agglomeration attraction,diffusion force and uncertainty mutation. Due to the internal demands such as scale expansion o

关 键 词：老工业城市 批发企业 空间集聚 基准地价 交通 外迁与扩张 区位选择 

分 类 号：F259.23[经济管理—国民经济]