德语口语句首前置的形式和功能——兼谈现代汉语作为口语导向型语言的可能性  

Forms and Functions of the Pre-Front Field Position in Spoken German:On the Possibility of Modern Chinese as a Speech-Oriented Language

作　　者：李睿 LI Rui

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《当代外语研究》2022年第6期115-125,共11页Contemporary Foreign Language Studies

摘　　要：句首前置主要指直接或间接位于前场之前的结构。以左移位和自由主题为代表的句首前置结构主要出现在德语口语中,具有重要的语用功能。本文的研究目的是探讨德语口语中句首前置结构的主要形式和功能,并联系作为“话题优先型语言”的汉语的话题结构,进一步探讨现代汉语作为“口语导向型语言”的可能性。本文首先对前前场、左外场等概念进行梳理,并对左移位和自由主题进行区分,在概述话题标记的形式手段之后,分析德语口语句首前置结构的主要功能,最后联系汉语的情况进行讨论。左移位和自由主题是句子外部话题实现的两种主要类型,这种话题标记结构属于德语口语的特征。现代汉语是一种句法化程度较低的语言,其口语性特征使其更多地呈现出一种语用模式,汉语之所以展现出更强的话题优先性,正与此相关,这可与话题标记结构属于德语口语特征相互印证。The pre-front field position,represented by left dislocation and hanging topic,is mainly found in spoken German and has important pragmatic functions.The aim of this paper is to investigate the main forms and functions of the pre-front field structures in spoken German,and to further explore the possibility of modern Chinese as a speech-oriented language in relation to the topic structure of Chinese as a topic-prominent language.In this paper,we first sort out the concepts of pre-prefield and left external field and distinguish between left dislocation and hanging topic.After an overview of the formal means of topic marking,we analyze the main functions of the pre-front field structures in spoken German,and finally discuss them in relation to the information structure of modern Chinese.Left dislocation and hanging topic are two main types of topic realization outside the sentence.Topic marking structures belong to the features of spoken German.Modern Chinese is a less grammaticalized language,and its colloquial characters make it more of a pragmatic mode.The reason why Chinese features topic-prominent characters is related to this,which can be confirmed by the fact that the topic marking structures belongs to the features of spoken German.

关 键 词：左移位 自由主题 话题优先 框架 

分 类 号：H319[语言文字—英语]