种植密度对机采麦套棉产量形成及品质的影响  

Effect of Densities and Varieties on Yield and Quality of Mechanical-harvested Cotton Interplanted with Wheat

作　　者：赵欣欣[1] 刘太杰 韩迎春[3] 王国平[3] 陈焕轩 熊世武 雷亚平 杨北方 李亚兵 冯璐[1,3] ZHAO Xinxin;LIU Taijie;HAN Yingchun;WANG Guoping;CHEN Huanxuan;XIONG Shiwu;LEI Yaping;YANG Beifang;LI Yabing;FENG Lu(Zhengzhou University Research Base of state key laboratory of cotton biology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang,843300,China;Institute of Cotton Re-search,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology,Henan Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]棉花生物学国家重点实验室郑州大学研究基地/郑州大学,郑州450000 [2]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第9期2081-2090,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610162021035)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究机采麦套短季棉种植模式下不同种植密度对棉花产量和品质的影响,为麦棉两熟种植模式下机采短季棉适宜密度的选择提供依据。【方法】于2019年选择早熟品种锦科707(JK707)和鲁棉2387(LM2387)为材料,进行大田试验,设置3个密度梯度(4.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(1))、9×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(2))、13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)(D_(3)))。【结果】随密度增加,株高、果枝台数和节枝比逐渐降低,而叶面积指数(LAI)和生物量则逐渐增大,JK707和LM2387的LAI均以D_(3)最大,分别为3.14和4.16。JK707、D_(2)和D_(3)较D_(1)生物量分别增加40.4%和42.0%;LM2387、D_(2)和D_(3)较D_(1)生物量分别增加65.5%和85.1%。随密度升高,籽棉产量先升高后降低,2个品种均以D_(2)种植密度产量最高(JK707和LM2387分别为4 025和4 114 kg/hm^(2))。与JK707相比,LM2387皮棉产量在中高密度(D_(2)和D_(3))下更具优势。纤维马克隆值随密度增加逐渐下降,纤维强度以D_(2)最优。JK707的纤维长度、强度和马克隆值均优于LM2387。【结论】在黄河流域机采麦套短季棉种植模式下,早熟棉品种锦科707和鲁棉2387在种植密度D_(2)(9×10^(4)株/hm^(2))下能够实现优质高产。锦科707纤维品质优,而鲁棉2387衣分高,且株型更紧凑,成铃更集中,更适宜机械化采收。【Objective】To study the effects of different densities and varieties on yield and quality of cotton under the short-season cotton for the wheat-cotton double cropping system and provided the basis for selection and breeding of suitable densities and varieties of short-season cotton for the wheat-cotton double cropping system.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2019 with the density gradients of 45,000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(1)),90,000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(2))and 135,000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(3))were set up in Anyang,Henan Province,with early maturing varieties Jinke 707(JK707)and Lumian 2387(LM2387)as experimental materials.【Result】With the increase of densities,the plant height,the number of fruit branches and the ratio of branches gradually decreased,while the Leaf Area Index(LAI)and biomass where gradually increased,the LAI was the largest under D_(3),with the maximum of 3.14 and 4.16,respectively.The total biomass of D_(2)was increased by 40.4%and 42.0%than that of D_(3)and D_(1)when compared to the three density treatments of the JK707 varieties and were increased by 65.5% and 85.1% under the three density treatments of the LM2387 varieties.With the increase of densities,the seed cotton yield was first increase then decrease,with the D_(2)densities the highest(JK707 and LM2387 were 4 025 kg/hm^(2) and 4 114 kg/hm^(2),respectively).Compared to the JK707,LM2387 have more advantages in the medium and high densities.The micronaire value of fiber decreases gradually with the increase of density,and the fiber strength was highest under the D_(2)densities.The fiber length,strength and micronaire value of JK707 are better than LM2387.【Conclusion】In summary,under the short-season cotton cropping pattern of the wheat-cotton double cropping system in the Yellow River Basin,the varieties JK707 and LM2387 can achieve high quality and high yield under the planting density of D_(2)(90,000 plant s/hm^(2)).Compared with the two varieties,JK707 fiber quality is superior,while LM2387 has a higher lint,more combatively

关 键 词：麦棉两熟 棉花品种 密度 生物量 产量构成 

分 类 号：S36[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S562[农业科学—农艺学]