灌水频率和灌水量对温室黄瓜产量、品质及灌溉水利用效率的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Frequency and Irrigation Amount on Yield,Quality and Irrigation Water use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber

作　　者：摆虹霞 张亚红[1,2] 马小连 黄嘉俊 BAI Hongxia;ZHANG Yahong;MA Xiaolian;HUANG Jiajun(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Food and Wine,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学食品与葡萄酒学院,银川750021

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2022年第9期2136-2146,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区科技支撑计划(2015BN04)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究灌水频率和灌水量对黄瓜根系土壤水分分布及生长的影响,构建合理的日光温室滴灌技术体系。【方法】以黄瓜品种黄乳4号为材料,在滴灌条件下设置1d(D_(1))、3d(D_(2))、5d(D_(3))3个灌水频率和W_(1)(150 m^(3)/667 m^(2))、W_(2)(200 m^(3)/667 m^(2))、W_(3)(250 m^(3)/667 m^(2))3个灌水量的田间试验,在生育期内测定黄瓜各项生长指标。【结果】全生育期中,黄瓜耗水呈现初瓜期少,盛瓜期大,末瓜期少的规律;黄瓜株高、叶面积、果实干物质和产量随着灌水量的增大,均呈现增加趋势,随着灌水频率的增大,均呈现下降趋势,黄瓜产量在D_(3)W_(3)处理下达到最大,为11380.1 kg/667 m^(2);灌溉水利用效率则随灌水量的增大呈现先增大后减小趋势且随灌水频率的增加逐渐降低,在D_(3)W_(1)处达最高,为67.21 kg/m^(3)。黄瓜品质除可溶性固形物、果长、果径外,其他均随灌水量的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在中水灌溉时达最大。【结论】D_(3)W_(2)(5d,200 m^(3)/667 m^(2))处理得分最高,表现为高产优质,且水分利用效率较高,为最佳滴灌频率和灌水量。【Objective】in order to construct a reasonable drip irrigation system in solar greenhouse,the effects of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on root soil water distribution and growth of cucumber were studied.【Method】the field experiment was conducted on Cucumber Variety Huangru No.4 under drip irrigation with three irrigation frequencies of 1 d(D_(1)),3 d(D_(2))and 5 d(D_(3))and three irrigation amounts of W_(1)(150 m^(3)/667 m^(2)),W_(2)(200 m^(3)/667 m^(2))and W_(3)(250 m^(3)/667 m^(2))under drip irrigation conditions.The growth indexes of cucumber were observed during the growth period.【Result】during the whole growth period,the water consumption of cucumber showed the law of less in the initial stage,larger in the full stage and less in the last stage;the plant height,leaf area,fruitdry matter and yield of cucumber increased with the increase of irrigation amount,and decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency.The yield of cucumber reached the maximum under D_(3)W_(3)treatment,which was 11380.1 kg/667 m^(2)The increase of irrigation amount first increased and then decreased,and gradually decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency,reaching the highest at D_(3)W_(1),which was 67.21 kg/m^(3).Except soluble solids,Fruit length,Fruitdiameter,the quality of cucumber increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount,and reached the maximum under reclaimed water irrigation.【Conclusion】Based on principal component analysis,D_(3)W_(2)(5 d,200 m^(3)/667 m^(2))had the highest score,which showed high yield and quality,and high water use efficiency,which was the best drip irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.

关 键 词：黄瓜 灌溉频率 灌水量 产量 品质 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：S682.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]