广东湿地松脂材兼用林经济效益分析  

Economic Analysis of Slash Pine Plantations Used for Resin and Timber in Guangdong

作　　者：王保华 车晓亮 何水养 郭文冰[2] 彭冠明 陈党记 赵奋成[2] WANG Baohua;CHE Xiaoliang;HE Shuiyang;GUO Wenbing;PENG Guanming;CHEN Dangji;ZHAO Fencheng(Yangjiang State-owned Forest Farm,Yangjiang,Guangdong 529500,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510520;Taishan Hongling Seed Orchard,Jiangmen,Guangdong 529223,China)

机构地区：[1]阳江市国有阳江林场,广东阳江529500 [2]广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东省林业科学研究院,广东广州510520 [3]台山市红岭种子园,广东江门529223

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2022年第6期1-6,共6页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省林业科技计划项目(2020-KYXM-06)。

摘　　要：湿地松Pinus elliottii是我国南方地区重要的人工造林树种。与采脂林和用材林相比,脂材兼用的经营模式有利于增加单位面积经济收益。为了评估广东湿地松脂材兼用林的经济效益及其影响因素,研究通过问卷调查形式,收集广东6块湿地松林分经济投入与产出数据,对经济效益作比较分析。结果表明,脂材林的现金支出主要集中在采伐成本,占总支出的74.30%~93.72%;现有的经营模式可以取得可观的经济效益,贴现率取8%时,净现值在1.46万~3.40万元之间,内部收益率在11.95%~30.61%之间;湿地松脂材林净现值受松脂价格影响最为敏感,次之为松脂产量和脂材采收成本,培育成本是相对最不敏感的因素。综上分析认为,在脂材林经营过程中,种植户可通过选购优质种苗、采用合理的集约化培育措施的方式提高松脂产量,从而提高收益;在政府层面,一方面可建立松脂价格支持机制、培训农户规范采脂,以实现松树林的可持续开发;另一方面,可加大脂材采收技术与装备的研发投入,提高我国采脂、伐木的效率,降低作业成本。Pinus elliottii is an important afforestation tree species in the south of China. Compared with the plantations used only for resin or timber, the management mode of plantations used both for resin and timber(PURT)is beneficial to increase the economic benefit per unit area. In order to evaluate the economic benefits and the related influencing factors of PURT in Guangdong, the data of the input and output of 6 P. elliottii stands were collected through a questionnaire survey and compared for the economic benefits. The results show that the cash outflow of PURT was dominated by harvesting cost, which accounts for 74.30%-93.72% of the total cost. The current management modes could achieve considerable economic benefits. The net present value(NPV) was 14 600 CNY to 34 000 CNY, and the internal rate of return was 11.95% to 30.61% when the discount rate was 8%. The NPV of P. elliottii PURT was most sensitive to the resin price, followed by the resin yield and the harvesting cost for resin and timber, while the silvicultural cost was relatively least sensitive. Based on the above analysis, it is believed that the growers could increase the resin yield by purchasing high-quality seedlings and adopting intensive cultivation measures when managing the PURT, thereby increasing the economic benefits. To achieve sustainable development of pine plantations, it’s suggested that the government could establish the price supporting mechanism, and train the farmers for standardizing resin tapping. Meanwhile, it’s also suggested that the government could increase the investment in research and development of resin harvesting technology and equipment, which will increase the efficiency of harvesting resin and timber, and decrease the operating costs as well.

关 键 词：财务分析 湿地松 敏感性分析 净现值 

分 类 号：S750[农业科学—森林经理学]