数字化发展的劳动收入分配效应——基于微观劳动个体的经验证据  

The Effect of Digital Development on the Distribution of Labor Incomes——Empirical Evidence based on micro-labor individuals’ experience

作　　者：李伟舵[1] 解振宇 Li Weiduo;Xie Zhenyu(Administrative College,Hunan Provincial Party School of the CPC,Changsha 410006,China;Business School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]中共湖南省委党校行政学院,长沙410006 [2]南京大学商学院,南京210093

出　　处：《学术交流》2022年第12期135-148,187,共15页Academic Exchange

摘　　要：数字技术广泛渗透在人类生产生活中,成为推动经济高质量发展的新引擎,但可能并未惠及所有劳动者群体。前沿文献开始关注人工智能、机器人等新兴技术对不同技能、地区或行业间劳动收入差距的影响,却普遍忽视数字化发展可能对不同收入水平劳动者群体间收入分配的影响效应及其作用机理。通过对中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)数据分析,实证考察数字化发展对劳动收入分配的影响效应及其内在机制研究,数字化发展不仅可以提高整体劳动收入水平,而且能够缩小高、低收入群体之间的劳动收入差距,从而改善我国劳动收入分配现状。数字化发展的劳动收入分配效应存在显著的行业和性别异质性,在批发和零售贸易、餐饮业以及女性劳动群体中,数字化发展对劳动收入分配的改善作用更显著。机制检验表明,数字化发展主要通过推动产业服务化转型、提高劳动生产率和促进社会资本积累的途径改善收入分配,而形成的技能偏向性会加剧高、低收入群体的劳动收入不平等。Digital technology has been widely integrated into people’s production and life, becoming a new engine to promote high-quality economic development, but it hasn’t benefited all labor groups. Authors in recent-published articles began to pay attention to the impact of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and robots on the income gap between labors with different skills, in regions or industries, but in general, they ignored the possible impact of digital development on the distribution of labor incomes among different income level labor groups and the mechanism of its impact. By analyzing the data of China Labor Dynamic Survey(CLDS) and the empirical study of the impact of digital development on the distribution of labor incomes and its internal mechanism, we found that digital development can not only improve the overall level of labor incomes, but also reduce the labor income gap between high-income and low-income groups, thus improving the current situation of the distribution of labor incomes in China. The heterogeneity of industry and gender exists in the effect of digital development on the distribution of labor incomes: In wholesale and retail trade, catering industry and among female labor groups, digital development plays a more significant role in improving the distribution of labor incomes. The mechanism test shows that digital development mainly improves the distribution of labor incomes by promoting the service transformation of industry, improving labor productivity and boosting social capital accumulation, but skill-biased effects formed by it will aggravate the labor income inequality among high-income and low-income groups.

关 键 词：数字化发展 劳动收入分配 技能偏向性 服务化转型 社会资本积累 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学] F103