三维激光扫描仪在高速铁路轨道线形测量中的应用  

Application of Free Station 3D Laser Scanner in Railway Orbital Linear Measurement

作　　者：何思源 HE Siyuan(China Railway First Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710043

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2023年第1期23-28,共6页Railway Investigation and Surveying

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科技开发计划重点课题(2022KY56(ZDZX)-02)。

摘　　要：为解决传统轨道检测小车测量作业效率低、成本高、数据形式单一等问题,采用基于自由测站的三维激光扫描仪进行点云数据获取,通过对仪器技术参数及扫描模式分析,对点云平面及高程坐标精度推算,确定了设站模式、作业线路、设站间隔。结合16 km隧道内既有铁路轨道线形测量工程实例,对比了轨检小车与三维激光扫描仪在人员、设备以及作业用时方面的差别;通过对414站扫描设站精度进行统计,推导计算得出点云坐标平面精度可达2.45 mm,高程精度可达1.06 mm。通过自主研发软件提取轨道中线三维坐标,采用稳健平滑滤波进行去噪处理,结果表明,点云中线坐标与静态轨检小车测量结果横向偏差平均值为2.7 mm,高程较差平均值为3.9 mm。In order to solve the problems of low efficiency,large labor cost and single data of traditional track detection trolley,a 3D laser scanner based on free measuring station was used to obtain point cloud data.Through the analysis of instrument technical parameters and scanning mode,the accuracy of point cloud plane and elevation coordinates were estimated,and the station mode,operation line and station interval scheme were formulated.Combined with a 16 km existing railway track measurement project in the tunnel,the advantages of rail inspection trolley and 3D laser scanning in terms of personnel,equipment and operation time were compared.By statistically counting the accuracy of 414 stations scanning,the plane accuracy of point cloud coordinates could reach 2.45 mm and the elevation accuracy could reach 1.06 mm by deriving and calculation through the formula.The results show that,by applying self-developed software and abstracting 3D coordinates of railway track,the average lateral deviation of the point cloud centerline coordinates and the static rail inspection trolley measurement results is 2.7 mm,and the average value of elevation difference is 3.9 mm by adopting the method of robust and smooth filtering.

关 键 词：高速铁路 自由测站 三维激光扫描仪 线形测量 稳健平滑滤波 

分 类 号：P225[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] U238[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]