麻疹防控实施策略探讨——基于2006—2019年麻疹疫情特点  

Discussion on implementation strategy of measles prevention&controlbased on the characteristics of measles epidemic from 2006 to 2019

作　　者：孙倩 曹艳丽 崔宏亮 余妮娜 陈旭东 隗雪珍 SUN Qian;CAO Yan-li;CUI Hong-liang;YU Ni-na;CHEN Xu-dong;WEI Xue-zhen(Chaoyang District Shuangjing Community Health Center,Bejing 100022,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区双井社区卫生服务中心,北京100022 [2]黑龙江省牡丹江市医学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2022年第12期1162-1165,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：财政部国家卫生健康委关于提前下达2021年重大传染病项目(Z195110010004)财社[2020]161号。

摘　　要：目的分析2006—2019年全国(侧重北京)麻疹疫情特点,对麻疹防控工作中较为薄弱的环节提出针对性建议,为麻疹防控策略提供参考依据。方法对麻疹发病率、病例人群分布、居住属性等情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果2009—2019年,麻疹发病率0.21/10万~3.95/10万,整体维持在低水平状态。每隔5~6年呈现“相对流行”的势态。<2岁儿童和成人麻疹发病呈上升趋势。2010、2011和2014年,<1岁儿童病例分别占50.64%、53.90%和43.93%;2012和2013年,<2岁儿童病例分别占58.39%和60.40%;2015和2016年,<2岁儿童病例分别占48.30%和45.40%;2017—2018年,<8月龄和8月龄~4岁儿童病例分别占15.10%和40.44%;2019年,<8月龄和8月龄~4岁儿童病例分别占6.96%和39.04%;2010年,15~<35岁和≥35岁病例分别占22.47%和8.53%;2011年,15~<35岁和≥35岁病例分别占21.55%和6.03%;2012和2013年,≥15岁病例分别占27.25%和26.97%;2014—2016年,≥20岁病例分别占42.78%、37.50%和41.40%;2017—2018和2019年,≥25岁病例分别占27.08%和26.70%。人口流动性的增加也导致了麻疹发病率升高。2010—2016年麻疹病例外地户籍占50.00%,2013年达到78.00%。其中流动人口占10.00%。结论全国消除麻疹行动取得显著进展,麻疹发病率多年维持在较低水平,但对工作中的薄弱环节应加以关注,对含麻疫苗的免疫策略可进一步探讨。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in China(especially Beijing)from 2006 to 2019,to raise targeted suggestions for weaker links in measles prevention&control,and to provide the reference for measles prevention&control strategies in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the incidence of measles,population distribution of measles cases and residence attributes.Results The incidence of measles fluctuated between 0.21/100000 and 3.95/100000 from 2009 to 2019,it remained at a low level overall,and it showed“relatively popular”trend period every 5-6 years.The incidence of measles in young children especially children under 2 years old and adults was on the rise.The cases among children under 1 year old accounted for 50.64%,53.90%and 43.93%,respectively in 2010,2011 and 2014,the cases of children under 2 years old accounted for 58.39%and 60.40%,respectively in 2012 and 2013,and the cases in children under 2 years old accounted for 48.30%and 45.40%,respectively in 2015 and 2016.The cases of children aged less than 8 months and children aged from 8 months to 4 years accounted for 15.10%and 40.44%,respectively from 2017 to 2018.The proportion of cases among children aged less than 8 months and between 8 months and 4 years was 6.96%and 39.04%,respectively in 2019.The proportion of cases in the age group 15-<35 and 35 years or older was 22.47%and 8.53%respectively in 2010,the proportion of cases in the age group 15-<35 and 35 years or older was 21.55%and 6.03%,respectively in 2011,and the cases aged 15 or older accounted for 27.25%and 26.97%,respectively in 2012 and 2013.Cases aged 20 or older accounted for 42.78%,37.50%and 41.40%in 2014,2015 and 2016 respectively,that was respectively 27.08%and 26.70%of cases aged 25 or older during 2017—2018 and 2019,and the increased mobility of the population also contributed to an increase in the incidence of measles.The proportion of non-local household registration of measles cases from 2010 to 2016 was abou

关 键 词：麻疹疫情 流行特征 消除麻疹 麻疹防控 免疫策略 儿童 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]