《资本论》与资本主义发展史的货币权力批判  

The Capital and Criticism of Monetary Power in History of Capitalism

作　　者：温权 WEN Quan

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义学院,南京210023 [2]伊犁师范大学马克思主义学院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2022年第6期30-41,162,共13页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21CZX009)。

摘　　要：破解资本主义“何以可能”的历史机理,并发掘其“必然消亡”的现实依据,是《资本论》的学术任务。马克思以社会化的货币权力为切入点对资本主义发展史进行政治经济学批判。其中,分别以“交换价值”“平均利润”以及“生息资本”形态出现的社会化货币权力,无异于资本主义从“萌芽”到“成熟”及至“转型”的阶段性“标记”。据此,马克思完成了对资本主义从“因何所是”到“确如其是”及至“是其所是”的历史唯物主义演绎。与此同时,社会化的货币权力本身,又蕴含资本主义诞生的“偶然性”、发展的“矛盾性”以及灭亡的“必然性”。于是,马克思又从资本主义“自我建构”的既成事实中提炼出资本主义“自我扬弃”的历史唯物主义素材。这同时引申出《资本论》的实践诉求:与马克思用货币权力的社会化史诠释资本主义“从哪里来”的历史实然性相对应,应在社会性个体的实践史中不断确证资本主义“往何处去”逻辑应然性,从而实现共产主义对资本主义的彻底扬弃。It is the academic task in The Capital to find why the Capitlism is possible and what proves its doomed fate.To have a political economic criticism of Capitalism history,Marx just takes as his starting point the socialized monetary power,which is in the form of "exchange value", "average profit" and "interest-bearing capital" corresponding to the development stage marks of the Capitalism from " germination" and "maturity" to "transformation".In this way,Marx completes his historical-materialism analysis of the Capitalism from "why it happens", "what it exactly is" to "what it will be".At the same time,the socialized monetary power itself embodies the contingency of the happening of the Capitalism,the contradiction of its development,and the inevitability of its doomed fate.Marx also brings forth his historical materialistic law of the Capitalism,from its reality of self-construction to its doom of self-negation.This further manifests the practical meaning of The Capital:with his criticism of socialized monetary power,Marx makes clear where the Capitalism is from and where it should go,thus the Communism definitely replacing the Capitalism.

关 键 词：货币权力批判 资本主义发展史 交换价值 平均利润 生息资本 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]