Metal-air batteries: progress and perspective  

金属空气电池:进展与展望

作　　者：Yuhui Chen Jijing Xu Ping He Yu Qiao Shaohua Guo Huijun Yang Haoshen Zhou 陈宇辉;徐吉静;何平;乔羽;郭少华;杨慧军;周豪慎(State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry,College of Chemistry,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;Center of Energy Storage Materials&Technology,College of Engineering and Applied Sciences,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;Energy Technology Research Institute,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Umezono,Tsukuba 305-8568,Japan)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China [2]State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry,College of Chemistry,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China [3]Center of Energy Storage Materials&Technology,College of Engineering and Applied Sciences,National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China [4]State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China [5]Energy Technology Research Institute,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Umezono,Tsukuba 305-8568,Japan

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2022年第23期2449-2486,M0004,共39页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China (2021YFB3800301);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21633003 and U1801251);Science,and Technology Innovation Fund for Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province (BK20220034)。

摘　　要：The metal-air batteries with the largest theoretical energy densities have been paid much more attention.However,metal-air batteries including Li-air/O_(2),Li-CO_(2),Na-air/O_(2).and Zn-air/O_(2) batteries,are complex systems that have their respective scientific problems,such as metal dendrite forming/deforming,the kinetics of redox mediators for oxygen reduction/evolution reactions,high overpotentials,desolution of CO_(2),H_(2)O,etc.from the air and related side reactions on both anode and cathode.It should be the main direction to address these shortages to improve performance.Here,we summarized recently research progress in these metal-air/O_(2) batteries.Some perspectives are also provided for these research fields.“双碳”背景下,金属空气电池拥有很高的理论比能量,有望实现高比能电化学储能体系,但限于材料体系创新和反应机理认识,走向实用还有许多科学和技术问题亟需解决.本文总结了近年来金属空气电池领域研究工作,并分别介绍了(开放/封闭式)锂氧电池、固态锂氧电池、锂-二氧化碳电池、钠氧电池、锌空电池的最新进展.这些金属空气电池虽有差异,但有一些共性问题,比如都是基于转化反应机制、涉及气体在电极孔道中传质瓶颈、电解质稳定性问题、正极离子-电子通道不畅、电极反应机理模糊、固-固界面反应缺少电催化剂等难题.本文基于这些问题,对未来的工作方向提出了一些设想,最后总结了目前面临的机遇和挑战并展望了该领域今后的重点发展方向.

关 键 词：Li-air battery Solid-state Li-air Sealed/closed Li-O2 battery Redox mediator Na-air/Zn-air battery 

分 类 号：TM911.41[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]