可降解聚乳酸塑料在包装工业的应用进展  

Application Progress of Degradable Polylactic Acid Plastics in Packaging Industry

作　　者：陈静[1] 邱慈波 高艳飞[1] CHEN Jing;QIU Cibo;GAO Yanfei(Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528436,China;Zhongshan Jianbin Secondary Vocational Technical School,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528415,China)

机构地区：[1]中山火炬职业技术学院,广东中山528436 [2]中山市建斌中等职业技术学校,广东中山528415

出　　处：《塑料》2022年第6期106-112,共7页Plastics

摘　　要：聚乳酸(PLA)具有来源广泛、模量高,透明性好、可生物降解等特点,逐渐成为可降解包装领域的研究热点,具有广阔的发展前景。但是,聚乳酸单独作为包装材料使用时的成本高、脆性大、加工难度大等问题严重限制了其在实际生产中的应用。因此,通过介绍聚乳酸塑料的合成工艺及特点,从水解降解、微生物降解、光催化降解和酶促降解等4个方面详细阐述了聚乳酸塑料的降解机理发现,光的强度、温度、湿度、pH值、结晶度、相对分子质量及聚合物结构等因素均对聚乳酸塑料的降解产生了影响。并且全面综述了近年来聚乳酸塑料改性及复合材料在包装薄膜、包装容器及发泡材料等3种包装应用领域的研究进展,分析了聚乳酸包装材料在可降解包装领域的发展前景。Polylactic acid(PLA)has the advantages of wide source,high modulus,good transparency,and biodegradability.It has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of degradable packaging and has broad development prospects.However,when polylactic acid is used alone as a packaging material,its problems of high cost,high brittleness,and difficulty in processing restrict its application in actual production.The production methods and characteristics of polylactic acid were firstly introduced.Secondly,the degradation mechanism of polylactic acid was explained in detail from four aspects of hydrolytic degradation,microbial degradation,photocatalytic degradation and enzymatic degradation,and pointed out the factors such as light intensity,temperature,humidity,pH value,crystallinity,molecular weight and polymer structure will affect the degradation of polylactic acid plastics.Finally,the recent years of the research progress of PLA plastics in packaging films,packaging containers and foam materials in three packaging applications were comprehensively reviewed,and prospected for the development of polylactic acid packaging materials in the field of degradable packaging.

关 键 词：聚乳酸塑料 水解降解 微生物降解 光催化降解 酶促降解 包装材料 

分 类 号：TQ323.4[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]