种子引发对干旱胁迫下高粱种子发芽及生理特性的影响  

Effects of Seed Priming on Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Sorghum Seeds under Drought Stress

作　　者：张瑞栋[1] 梁晓红 刘静[1] 南怀林 王颂宇 曹雄 Zhang Ruidong;Liang Xiaohong;Liu Jing;Nan Huailin;Wang Songyu;Cao Xiong(Institute of Industrial Crops,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第6期234-240,共7页Crops

基　　金：吕梁市重点研发项目(2019NYZDYF19);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L149);山西旱作高粱优势特色产业集群续建项目(HZGL202103);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-B10)。

摘　　要：萌发期的干旱胁迫是限制高粱生产的主要障碍因子,种子引发是提高作物抗逆性的一个重要技术。为了明确不同引发处理对干旱胁迫下高粱萌发及生理特性的影响,以晋杂22和晋早5564为研究材料,分别进行聚乙二醇(PEG)、KCl、CaCl_(2)、水杨酸(SA)引发和未引发(NP)5个处理,研究在正常情况和干旱胁迫下种子发芽情况及生理特性变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低高粱种子发芽率,抑制胚芽和胚根伸长。干旱胁迫下PEG、KCl、CaCl_(2)和SA引发后,晋杂22的萌发率比NP处理分别提高了18.18%、12.72%、35.45%和31.82%,晋早5564的萌发率比NP处理分别提高了20.18%、10.76%、26.91%和30.04%。干旱胁迫下,引发处理促进了胚根和胚芽的伸长,CaCl_(2)和SA处理在晋杂22抗旱效果最佳,芽长分别比NP处理增加了267.07%和271.95%,根长分别比NP处理增加了231.94%和355.56%。CaCl_(2)处理在晋早5564效果最好,芽长和根长分别比NP处理增加了195.96%和206.60%。种子引发提高了胚芽内抗氧化酶活性,减轻了膜脂过氧化对胚芽的损伤;同时种子引发促进了糖代谢,提高了脯氨酸含量,缓解了干旱胁迫对种子萌发的抑制效应。Drought stress during germination period is an obstacle limiting sorghum production.Seed priming is an efficient and easy method to regulate plant tolerance against different abiotic stresses.A germination experiment was conducted to examine the different agent priming on germination and physiological parameters of sorghum under normal and drought stress conditions.We quantified the effects of priming with polyethylene glycol(PEG),potassium chloride(KCl),calcium chloride(CaCl_(2)),salicylic acid(SA)and no priming(NP)under normal and drought stress conditions.The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the germination rate and inhibited the growth of germ and radicle.The germination rates of Jinza 22 with priming by PEG,KCl,CaCl_(2)and SA were increased by 18.18%,12.72%,35.45%and 31.82%compared with NP treatment,respectively.The germination rate of Jinzao 5564 were increased by 20.18%,10.76%,26.91%and 30.04%compared with NP treatment,respectively.Under drought stress,priming treatment promoted shoot and root elongation.After CaCl_(2)and SA treatment,the shoot length of Jinza 22 increased by 267.07%and 271.95%,respectively,and the root length were increased by 231.94%and 355.56%,respectively.The shoot length and root length of Jinzao 5564 increased by 195.96%and 206.60%,respectively,compared with NP after CaCl_(2)treatment.Seed priming increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alleviated the damage of membrane lipid peroxidation to the germ.At the same time,seed priming promoted the metabolism of sugar and increased the content of proline to alleviate the inhibitory effect of drought stress.

关 键 词：高粱 萌发期 干旱胁迫 种子引发 生理特性 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]