改善热舒适性的园林树木遮荫效果研究  

Study on Shading Effect of Landscape Trees to Improve Thermal Comfort

作　　者：杨建欣 黄秋燕[3] YANG Jianxin(College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences,Southwest Forestry University,Yunnan Kunming 650224)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650224 [2]肇庆学院,广东肇庆526061 [3]广东理工学院建设学院,广东肇庆526070

出　　处：《林业科技》2023年第1期37-43,共7页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：2021年度“质量工程”项目“广东理工学院-肇庆市林业科学研究所农科教大学生社会实践教学基地”(SHSJJD202103)。

摘　　要：选取应用频率相对较高、生长状况较好的树木样株作为研究对象。采用手持式激光测距仪、温湿度露点测试器、照度计等仪器,观测、记录温度、湿度、照度等指标的变化情况。结果表明,不同树种的降温率、遮光率、增湿率、遮荫面积、荫质、遮荫效果存在较大差异。平均降温率、平均增湿率和平均荫质最高的树木为苹婆,分别为7.808%、8.645%和0.074n;平均遮光率最高的树木是阴香,为94.263%;平均遮荫面积和平均遮荫效果表现最佳的树木为腊肠树,分别为70.15m2和3.732。苹婆、阴香、腊肠树等树木可以从降温、遮光、增湿等不同的角度改善环境热舒适性。降温率主要与树木枝叶的浓密程度及枝下高密切相关;遮光率主要取决于树冠结构和枝下高;遮荫面积主要取决于太阳高度角及冠幅;荫质由降温率和遮光率共同影响。树木遮荫面积和遮荫效果的决定性因素为冠幅。可以通过树木的种植设计、栽培管理等措施促进遮荫潜力的发挥。在应用遮荫树木时,不仅应考虑遮荫效果的波动及其峰值,也要关注平均遮荫效果,并与景观营造策略相结合,提高树木选择的针对性和科学性。[Purpose]To explore different shading effect of landscape plants,verify its ability to improve thermal comfort of environment.[Method]Some shade trees with relatively high application frequency and good growth condition were selected as research objects.Hand-held laser rangefinder,temperature and humidity dew point tester,illuminance meter and other observation instruments were used to observe and record the changes of temperature,humidity and illumination.Excel 2003 and SPSS 18.0 were used for data analysis.[Results]There were great differences among different tree species in cooling rate,shading rate,humidification rate,shading area,shading quality and shading effect.The trees with the highest average cooling rate,average humidification rate and average shade quality were Sterculia nobilis,which were 7.808%,8.645%and 0.074n,respectively.The tree with the highest shading rate was Cinnamomum burmannii(94.263%).The tree with the largest average shade area was Cassia fistula(70.15m~2).The tree with the best average shade effect was Cassia fistula(3.732).【Conclusion】Sterculia nobilis,Cinnamomum burmannii and Cassia fistula tree species can improve the thermal comfort of environment from different angles such as cooling,shading and humidification.The cooling rate was closely related to the density of branches and leaves and the height under branches.The shading rate mainly depends on the canopy structure and the height under the branches.The shading area mainly depends on the sun height Angle and crown amplitude.Shade quality is affected by both cooling rate and shading rate.Canopy width was the decisive factor of shade area and shade effect.The shading potential can be promoted through planting design,cultivation management and other measures.When applying shade trees,we should not only consider the fluctuation and peak of shade effect,but also pay attention to the average shade effect,and combine it with landscape construction strategy to improve the pertinence and scientificity of tree selection.

关 键 词：园林树木 遮荫功能 遮荫效果 热舒适性 评价 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q143.4[农业科学—林学]